Do peers make the place? Conceptual synthesis and meta-analysis of coworker effects on perceptions, attitudes, OCBs, and performance.

The authors propose that broad aspects of lateral relationships, conceptualized as coworker support and coworker antagonism, are linked to important individual employee outcomes (role perceptions, work attitudes, withdrawal, and effectiveness) in a framework that synthesizes several theoretical predictions. From meta-analytic tests based on 161 independent samples and 77,954 employees, the authors find support for most of the proposed linkages. Alternative explanations are ruled out, as results hold when controlling for leader influences and mediation processes. The authors also observe differential strengths of coworker influence based on its valence, content, and severity, and on the social intensity of the task environment. The authors conclude with a call for more comprehensive, complex theory and investigation of coworker influences as part of the social environment at work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Two types of organophosphate pesticides and their combined effects on heterotrophic growth rates in activated sludge process

BACKGROUND: Pesticides are sometimes non‐biodegradable and, moreover, toxic to microorganisms. If pesticides exceed the tolerance of microorganisms, failure of the activated sludge process (ASP) occurs. Therefore the effects of two types of organophosphate pesticides on heterotrophic growth rate constant in sludge from ASP were investigated. Oxygen uptake rate was employed to measure the rate constants. RESULTS: The results indicated that the value of heterotrophic growth rate constant decreased from 3.88 d^?1 to 1.46 d^?1 or by 62% when 0.5 mg L^?1 of glyphosate was added. When adding 0.5 mg L^?1 of malathion, the value of heterotrophic growth rate constant decreased to 1.33 d^?1 or by 66%. The value of heterotrophic growth rate constant decreased to 1.98 d^?1 or by 49% when 0.5 mg L^?1 of pesticide combination (50% for each) was added. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibitory effects of glyphosate and malathion were in good agreement with non‐competitive inhibition kinetics, but pesticide combination did not follow non‐competitive kinetics. The inhibition coefficient values for glyphosate, malathion and their combination were 0.29, 0.29 and 0.58 mg L^?1, respectively. For comparison, linear and exponential types of models were derived by regression. According to non‐competitive kinetics, and linear and exponential models, the inhibitory effects of glyphosate and malathion were almost consistent. Finally, the degree of inhibition was simulated using different types of model. It was found that the toxicity of the two pesticides agreed with the antagonism well. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

FUNDAMENTALS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE USE OF BACTERIOCINS PRODUCED BY LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN MEAT PRODUCTS

Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are proteinaceous compounds that may present antimicrobial activity towards important foodborne pathogens and spoilage-related microflora. Due to these properties, bacteriocin-producing strains or purified bacteriocins have a great potential of use in biologically based food preservation systems. Despite the growing number of articles describing the isolation of bacteriocinogenic strains, genetic determinants for production, as well as the purification and biochemical characterization of these inhibitory substances, there are only limited reports of successful application of bacteriocins to meats.

This paper presents a critical review of the methods available for screening of bacteriocin-producing LAB strains from meats and also discusses the proposed mechanisms of action for LAB bacteriocins. Additionally, an overview of the Brazilian experience in the application of LAB bacteriocins to meats and meat products is given.     

对现代篮球运动对抗特点的研究

本文针对中国篮球与世界强队在技术对抗方面存在的差距，从篮球运动节奏、管理性、持球躲闪技巧等技术对抗特点出发，客观分析了现代篮球运动对抗的激烈性、综合性及对抗攻击转换的随机性，为促进我国篮球事业持续健康的发展和完善篮球运动理论研究提供理论与实践依据。     

重金属复合污染在环境水质监测中的急性毒性效应研究

文章应用急性毒性分析仪对污水排放标准(GB8978-1996)中第一类污染物重金属总汞、总镉、六价铬、总砷、总铅、总镍、总铍等元素进行了急性毒性分析,探讨了金属单元素及复合金属元素的急性毒性效应。结果表明:铅具有明显的急性生物毒性;镉、六价铬对铅有明显的拮抗作用;汞、砷、镍、铍对铅有协同作用,并且镍对铅的协同作用最明显,呈较强的急性生物毒性;污水排放标准(GB8978-1996)中第一类污染物总铅的标准限值应低于0.80 mg/L。     

FUNDAMENTALS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR THE USE OF BACTERIOCINS PRODUCED BY LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN MEAT PRODUCTS

Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are proteinaceous compounds that may present antimicrobial activity towards important foodborne pathogens and spoilage-related microflora. Due to these properties, bacteriocin-producing strains or purified bacteriocins have a great potential of use in biologically based food preservation systems. Despite the growing number of articles describing the isolation of bacteriocinogenic strains, genetic determinants for production, as well as the purification and biochemical characterization of these inhibitory substances, there are only limited reports of successful application of bacteriocins to meats.

This paper presents a critical review of the methods available for screening of bacteriocin-producing LAB strains from meats and also discusses the proposed mechanisms of action for LAB bacteriocins. Additionally, an overview of the Brazilian experience in the application of LAB bacteriocins to meats and meat products is given.     

Pyrolo[1,2:4,5]-1,4-dioxopyrazino[1,2:1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indoles: a group of urokinase inhibitors, their synthesis, and stereochemistry-dependent activity

Antifibrinolytic agents are required during complex surgeries to decrease bleeding; their pro-thrombotic potency and efficacy in causing hemostasis has attracted much attention. To discover new inhibitors of urokinase with high selectivity for antifibrinolytic effects over pro-thrombotic effects, the 12-position of (5aS,12S,14aS)- and (5aS,12R,14aS)-5,14-dioxo-1,2,3,5,5a,6,11, 12,14,14a-decahydro-5H,14H-pyrolo[1,2:4,5]pyrazino[1,2:1,6]pyrido[3,4-b]indoles were modified with L-Ala, L-Asp, L-Phe, L-Trp, L-Lys, L-Ser, Gly, and L-Leu to provide 16 (5aS,12S,14aS) and (5aS,12R,14aS) derivatives. In a murine bleeding model, the (5aS,12S,14aS) derivatives containing L-Ala, L-Asp, L-Phe, and L-Trp induced blood coagulation for the treated mice; they also stimulated thrombus formation in a rat thrombosis model, but the other derivatives inhibited thrombosis. The most potent compound, the L-Asp derivative, showed a good therapeutic window: the minimum effective dose for coagulation was <1 nmol kg(-1), whereas at 10 nmol kg(-1), no pro-thrombotic effect was observed. This type of coagulation action was correlated with a mechanism of urokinase inhibition, and these results could lead to the discovery of novel urokinase inhibitors.     

生防地衣芽孢杆菌BLA1对植物病害的抑制作用研究

对地衣芽孢杆茵01101107进行诱变筛选获得了高抑茵性突变株地衣芽孢杆菌BLA1,检测了菌株BLA1对几种植物病原微生物的抑制性能、对植物外植体感染的保护性以及对田间作物生长的促进作用。结果表明,地衣芽孢杆菌BLA1对植物病害具有良好的防治作用,是理想的生防茵筛选对象。     

酿酒酵母拮抗作用的蛋白组分析

为研究混菌发酵过程中酿酒酵母胞外蛋白对克鲁维酵母的拮抗作用并初步分离毒蛋白,采用超滤法提取酿酒酵母纯培养及透析培养的胞外蛋白,分别加入克鲁维酵母纯培养液中,通过平板菌落计数法,动态观测酿酒酵母胞外蛋白对克鲁维酵母生长的影响;双向电泳结合PDQuest软件分离解析酿酒酵母两种培养条件下的胞外蛋白图谱。实验结果表明,纯培养下的酿酒酵母胞外蛋白对克鲁维酵母无拮抗作用,而透析培养得到的酿酒酵母胞外蛋白可以导致克鲁维酵母提前死亡;纯培养图谱共79个蛋白点;透析培养图谱共109个蛋白点,比纯培养的新增30个蛋白点。由此推断:酿酒酵母可以分泌导致克鲁维酵母提前死亡的分子量大于10ku的蛋白类毒素,并且这种毒素的分泌不是自发的,而是在克鲁维酵母分子量小于10ku分泌物的诱导作用下才会产生。这30个新增蛋白点包括对克鲁维酵母的拮抗蛋白。     

Effects Of Tree Phytochemistry On The Interactions Among Endophloedic Fungi Associated With The Southern Pine Beetle

We examined the interaction between host trees and fungi associated with a tree-killing bark beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis. We evaluated (1) the response of four Pinus species to fungal invasion and (2) the effects of plant secondary metabolites on primary growth of and secondary colonization of three consistent fungal associates. Two of these fungi, Entomocorticium sp. A and Ophiostoma ranaculosum, are obligate mutualists with D. frontalis, and the third associate is a blue-staining fungus, O. minus, that is commonly introduced by beetles and phoretic mites. O. minus negatively affects beetle larvae and in high abundance can impact D. frontalispopulation dynamics. Size of lesions formed and quantity of secondary metabolites produced in response to fungal inoculations varied significantly among Pinus species. However, monoterpene composition within infected tissue did not significantly vary across treatments. While all eight tested metabolites negatively affected the growth rate of O. minus, only 4-allylanisole, p-cymene, and terpinene reduced the growth of the mycangial fungi. Surprisingly, growth rates of mycangial fungi increased in the presence of several secondary metabolite volatiles. O. minus out-competed both mycangial fungi, but the presence of secondary metabolites altered the outcome slightly. O. ranaculosum out-performed E. sp. A in the presence of dominant conifer monoterpenes, such as - and -pinene. Volatiles from the mycangial fungi, particularly E. sp. A, had a negative effect on O. minus growth. In general, phloem phytochemistry of particular Pinus species appeared to alter the relative growth and competitiveness of mutualistic and non-mutualistic fungi associated with D. frontalis. The outcome of interactions among these fungi likely has important consequences for the population dynamics of D. frontalis.