花色素苷的研究进展

花色素苷广泛存在于植物内，是重要的呈色物质之一。本文从其结构，性质，以及在人体和动物内的利用、消耗情况、安全性、功能作用、来源等方面对花色素苷全面论述，针对目前国内对花色素苷在动物和人体内的代谢吸收、生物利用率方面研究较少的情况，本文着重介绍了此方面，希望对有关方面的研究有所帮助。     

荔枝果皮总花色苷及降解指数的测定

本文研究了荔枝果皮总花色苷及其降解指数的含量测定。结果表明,当荔枝果皮发生褐变时,1％盐酸甲醇提取液花色苷及降解指数含量显著偏高。荔枝果皮总花色苷及花色苷降解指数可以很好地反映出提取液中花色苷的降解情况。     

紫玉米花青素的浸提技术研究

首先通过选择试验选择乙酸作为最佳提取剂,然后按照4因素3水平正交L9(34)试验设计对浸提剂浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间及不同物料配比对紫玉米花青素提取率的影响进行了研究[1-2],确定其最佳提取条件为:pH2.5乙酸溶液作浸提剂、在60℃的温度条件下加热60min、物料配比在1∶15,其二次提取得率可达80.1%。     

天然色素研究与应用

天然色素不但具有呈色作用,并兼有营养、保健等功能,对人体健康起着重要保护作用。该文主要论谜天然色素特点与特性、分类、性质与作用、应用与开发。     

黑果枸杞花青素提取物对大鼠急性痛风性关节炎的作用

为研究黑果枸杞花青素提取物(anthocyanin extract of Lycium ruthenicum Murr., AEL)对急性痛风性关节炎(acute gouty arthritis, AGA)大鼠的作用,将60只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组、AEL高剂量组(238.0mg/kg)和AEL低剂量组(59.5mg/kg),每组12只,分为2批,每批6只。第一批动物灌胃2周,第二批动物灌胃4周后,采用50mg/mL微晶型尿酸钠(microcrystalline sodium urate, MSU) 0.2mL注射到大鼠右踝关节诱导大鼠急性痛风性关节炎模型,评价AEL对AGA大鼠踝关节肿胀和跛行步态的改善效果。所有动物继续灌胃至5周,采用质量分数2.5%的氧嗪酸钾饲料喂食诱导高尿酸血症模型,测定造模2h、3h后大鼠的血清尿酸水平。研究发现,与模型对照组比较,灌胃2周,AEL高剂量能明显缓解大鼠造模6h后踝关节肿胀,改善跛行步态;灌胃4周,AEL高、低剂量均能明显缓解大鼠造模后6h、24h踝关节肿胀和改善造模6h后跛行步态,AEL高剂量还能明显改善造模24h后跛行步态;灌胃5周后,AEL高、低剂量均能明显抑制氧嗪酸钾导致的大鼠血清尿酸升高。结果表明,AEL能从抗炎和降尿酸两个方面对大鼠急性痛风性关节炎表现出明显改善作用。     

高压脉冲电场(PEF)处理对红莓花色苷提取过程的影响

研究了3.0 kV/cm高压脉冲电场(PEF)处理对红莓花色苷提取过程的影响。结果表明:3.0 kV/cmPEF处理对红莓果实液泡细胞膜的损伤比冷冻-解冻过程的机械损伤更显著,60~420个脉冲数的PEF处理能使甘露醇等渗溶液的电导率由65μs/cm增加至490μs/cm,明显加快花色苷的传质速率;用3.0 kV/cm PEF处理420个脉冲后,用酸化甲醇提取15 min,可使花色苷的提取率达到54.24%,较未处理样品增加41.29%,较直接冷冻-解冻样品的提取率增加25.16%。     

Natural dyeing with anthocyanins from Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers

A new approach for natural dyeing with anthocyanin has been discussed along with a convenient method of extraction. Anthocyanin from Hibiscus flowers has been extracted by developing a method using methanolic solution of 4% citric acid. The new method gave better yield of anthocyanin as compared with methanolic solution of 0.1% hydrochloric acid. It has been also shown that pH of the extract plays an important role on the dye, thus by adjusting the pH of the extract at 4, dyeing of cotton and silk together with metal mordanting gave different colors. The best dyeing results were obtained for stannous mordanted fabrics in terms of fastness properties. The role of metal ion complexation of stannous salt with the dye extract has been confirmed through UV‐Vis and FTIR spectra. Antioxidant activity of the anthocyanin extract seemed to have contributed to enhance the fastness properties of the dyed fabrics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

特用甜菜叶绿素和花青素的提取与研究

采用80％丙酮提取法提取食用红甜菜和饲用甜菜叶片中的叶绿素；用0．1M盐酸提取叶片中的花青素。在整个生育期内，对三份材料的叶绿素和花青素含量进行测定。结果表明：叶绿素变化趋势是苗期最低，然后逐渐升高，到收获前又稍有下降，但不同材料出现最高值的时期不同；在同一时期，食甜一品红的叶绿素含量最高，饲用甜菜的叶绿素含量最低，北京红居中；食甜一品红的叶绿素含量最高值出现较早。花青素的变化趋势是苗期含量最低，但随后的变化趋势各异；在整个生育期内食甜一品红和北京红的花青素变化幅度较大，饲用甜菜变化幅度较小；三份材料的花青素含量差异较大，同一时期食甜一品红的花青素含量最高，北京红稍低，而饲用甜菜的花青素含量很低。综合两方面来看，首选品种为食甜一品红，北京红可作为搭配品种，饲用甜菜可从块根的营养组分上再进行研究。     

Properties of Anthocyanins from Grape Cell Culture

Color and thermal- and pH-stability of anthocyanins from a grape cell suspension culture were compared with those of commercial food colorants using Hunter and spectrophotometric analysis. At pH 3, grape cell anthocyanins showed color vividness (Chroma) similar to red cabbage and higher than that of other samples and a hue (Theta) similar to purple corn and redder than other samples. Brown oxidized phenolics were absent from the cell culture and red cabbage preparations, but were found in other samples. Color loss during incubation at 30 and 95°C, pH 3 and during an increase in pH from 3 to 5 was more severe for cell culture than red cabbage anthocyanins probably indicating they were intrinsically more sensitive.     

蓝莓原花青素的提取与检测方法

花青素属于酚类化合物中的类黄酮类,花青素广泛存在于自然界中,多达三百多种。具有极强的抗氧化作用,可以抵御自由基对人体的损伤,具有延缓衰老、抗辐射的功效。在医药保健、化妆品、食品添加等方面被广泛应用。本文阐述了蓝莓原花青素的提取方法及测定技术。