蓝靛果酒发酵工艺优化及发酵过程对花色苷的影响

以蓝靛果为原料,进行蓝靛果酒发酵工艺的优化,并分析发酵过程对花色苷含量及花色苷组成的影响。通过比较不同酵母及不同糖类对果酒总酸、残糖、花色苷含量、乙醇体积分数及感官评分的影响,选择安琪葡萄酒果酒专用酵母SY作为发酵菌,蔗糖作为菌株的碳源,研究酵母接种量、起始pH值和发酵温度对蓝靛果酒理化性质及感官的影响,并在单因素试验的基础上进行3因素3水平的正交试验优化。结果表明,蓝靛果酒发酵的最佳工艺为：接种量0.15%、起始pH?3.2、发酵温度26?℃。在此条件下发酵12?d,乙醇体积分数为9.33%,感官评分为75.15,花色苷质量浓度为80.49?mg/L,为初始花色苷质量浓度（211.0?mg/L）的38.13%。利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定发酵对花色苷组成及各组成所占比例的影响,结果显示发酵前后的样品中均含有所测的8?种花色苷,发酵后矢车菊素-3-二己糖苷、芍药素-3,5-二己糖苷、矢车菊素-3,5-二己糖苷、芍药素-3-芸香苷、矢车菊素-3-乙酰基乙糖苷及芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷所占峰面积均有所增加,而矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷和天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷所占峰面积降低。     

Effect of anthocyanin-absorbed whey protein microgels on physicochemical and textural properties of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese

Reduced-fat foods have become more popular due to their health benefits; however, reducing the fat content of food affects the sensory experience. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the sensory acceptance of reduced-fat foods to that of full-fat equivalents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding whey protein microgels (WPM) with an average diameter of 4 μm, or WPM with adsorbed anthocyanins [WPM (Ant)] on the textural and sensory properties of reduced-fat Cheddar cheese (RFC). Reduced-fat Cheddar cheese was prepared in 2 ways: (1) by adding WPM, designated as RFC+M, or (2) by adding WPM (Ant), designated as RFC+M (Ant). For comparison, RFC without fat substitutes and full-fat Cheddar cheese were also prepared. We discovered that the addition of WPM and WPM (Ant) increased the moisture content, fluidity, and meltability of RFC, and reduced its hardness, springiness, and chewiness. The textural and sensory characteristics of RFC were markedly inferior to those of full-fat Cheddar cheese, whereas addition of WPM and WPM (Ant) significantly improved the sensory characteristics of RFC. The WPM and WPM (Ant) showed a high potential as fat substitutes and anthocyanin carriers to effectively improve the acceptance of reduced-fat foods.     

pH示差法测定黑莓残渣中花青素含量的研究

使用1%(W/V)柠檬酸的60%浓度的乙醇溶液为提取剂对黑莓残渣中红色素进行了提取,并用 pH 示差法对黑莓残渣中的花青素含量进行了测定,结果表明每100g 黑莓残渣中花青素含量为27.27mg,黑莓残渣中花青素的这一含量具有开发价值。     

不同酒帽管理方式对干红葡萄酒理化指标和感官质量的影响

以赤霞珠、梅洛为原料制备干红葡萄酒,探究带皮发酵期间压帽法和浸入法两种不同的酒帽管理方式对葡萄酒发酵和其基础理化指标、感官质量的影响。结果表明,采用压帽法、浸入法的组别发酵速率存在差异,发酵终产物总酚含量分别为641.17～836.17 g/L、722.00～883.67 g/L,总花色苷含量分别为130.98～210.70 g/L、172.72～259.45 g/L,b*值（黄化程度）分别为27.52～35.78、35.23～36.77。对于梅洛葡萄酒,浸入法在发酵中后期对提升酒中总酚、总花色苷含量方面发挥重要作用,但这一优势在赤霞珠葡萄浸渍过程中并不明显。感官评价结果表明,浸入法可显著提升赤霞珠葡萄酒口感复杂度和梅洛葡萄酒余味持久度。     

基于氯化胆碱/乙酸的桑椹花青素高效提取工艺

为建立新型绿色高效的桑椹花青素提取工艺体系,该研究以桑椹为原料,以低共熔溶剂（Deep eutectic solvents,DESs）为提取剂,探讨了DESs种类、含水量、料液比以及提取温度和提取时间对花青素提取效率的影响,并在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面试验设计优化了提取工艺条件。结果显示：在提取剂为氯化胆碱/乙酸（1/3 n/n）-水（80/20 V/V）,料液比为1/10（g/mL）、提取温度为60 ℃,提取时间为40 min时,花青素的得率达6.35 mg/g,实验结果与响应面模型预测值接近,表明模型适用。此工艺提取桑椹花青素的效率远高于传统提取剂,这说明由适当比例氢键供体和受体所构成的DESs与目标产物之间强烈的氢键作用更有助于花青素的浸出和溶解。本研究结果为绿色可设计的DES溶剂用于天然产物的高效制备提供了借鉴。     

红葡萄酒CIELAB参数与花色素的主成分多元线性回归分析

采用CIELAB色空间体系对119?种市售红葡萄酒颜色参数进行分析,并利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法、pH示差法分析测定红葡萄酒样品中16?种单体花色素含量、总花色素含量,使用主成分分析、相关性分析和多元线性回归分析法对上述变量因子进行分析,研究红葡萄酒CIELAB体系中L*、a*值和b*值与单体花色素、总花色素含量、pH值之间的关系。结果表明,通过主成分分析得到对红葡萄酒颜色贡献程度较大的3?种主成分,累计贡献率达到84.11%。CIELAB色空间体系的颜色参数分别受不同单体花色素含量影响,对L*、a*值影响最大的单体花色素为矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,对b*值影响最大的单体花色素为锦葵色素,总花色素含量对L*、a*、b*值均有极显著影响,L*值与a*值呈极显著负相关。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定干红葡萄酒中18 种花色素单体方法的建立

目的：利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术同时测定干红葡萄酒中18?种花色素单体。方法：将酒样用5%酸化甲醇溶液（含1%甲酸,V/V）稀释500?倍后,滤液经Phenyl-Hexyl色谱柱梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源正离子模式检测,多反应监测,气帘气压力30?psi,离子喷雾电压5?500?V,离子源温度500?℃,分析时间20?min。结果：18?种花色素单体在10.0、20.0、50.0?μg/L添加水平的加标回收率在95%～100%之间,R2大于0.999,相对标准偏差在1.71%～2.87%之间,检出限在0.2～3.5?μg/L之间,定量限在0.4～11.5?μg/L之间。结论：该方法前处理简便、灵敏度高、分析时间短,精密度和准确性良好,可用于干红葡萄酒中18?种花色素单体的同时检测。     

短梗五加果色素提取条件的研究

研究以短梗五加果为试验材料,研究表明:短梗五加果色素属于水溶性花青素色素,酸性条件下呈红色并在525nm有特征吸收峰。单因素试验研究表明:温度、乙醇浓度、pH值对色素浸提有显著的影响;果胶酶、超声波、微波处理能够提高色素浸提效果,但效果不显著。正交试验结果表明:最佳的提取条件是温度80℃、95%的乙醇溶剂、pH值为2.0,影响浸提因素次序为pH值>乙醇浓度>温度。     

葡萄多酚类化合物以及生理功能

综述了葡萄中存在的多酚类化合物以及生理活性功能研究进展,多酚类化合物包括有花色苷类、黄酮类、黄酮醇类、儿茶素类、原花色素类以及白藜芦醇等,其相应的生理活性功能,有抗氧化、抗动脉硬化、抗变异以及抗癌、抗过敏等。     

Fingerprints of anthocyanins and flavonols of Vaccinium uliginosum berries from different geographical origins in the Greater Khingan Mountains and their antioxidant capacities

The Greater Khingan Mountains region is the largest natural distribution area of wild Vaccinium uliginosum L. in China. V. uliginosum berries from 16 representative geographical origins in this region were systematically investigated in this study. The anthocyanin and flavonol contents and the antioxidant capacities of V. uliginosum berries measured in this study were generally higher than those reported from previous studies investigating berries from other regions of China, but significant variations were detected. Significant positive correlations were detected between the bioactive component content in fresh berry peels of V. uliginosum and latitude. Our results indicated that the ‘Greater Khingan Mountains’ can be used as a geographical indication for V. uliginosum berries produced in this region to reflect their high bioactive component content. However, we suggest that some more specific geographical indications should be used to ensure quality control and to label V. uliginosum with superior bioactive component content, such as V. uliginosum from locations L14 and L15.