紫玉米花青素的浸提技术研究

首先通过选择试验选择乙酸作为最佳提取剂,然后按照4因素3水平正交L9(34)试验设计对浸提剂浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间及不同物料配比对紫玉米花青素提取率的影响进行了研究[1-2],确定其最佳提取条件为:pH2.5乙酸溶液作浸提剂、在60℃的温度条件下加热60min、物料配比在1∶15,其二次提取得率可达80.1%。     

贮藏条件对刺葡萄酒主要黄酮类物质的影响

研究了不同的贮藏条件下,刺葡萄酒在贮藏期间主要黄酮类物质的变化. 实验结果表明：随贮藏时间的延长,刺葡萄酒中的主要黄酮类物质逐渐降低,适量的游离SO 2、低温和满罐贮藏可以减缓游离花色苷、原花青素、总类黄酮含量的下降;游离SO 2为40 mg/L、贮藏温度为16 ℃、满罐贮藏12个月的刺葡萄酒,其游离花色苷、原花青素、总类黄酮的保存率分别为99 31%, 76 50%, 92 12%.     

Effect of Dehydration on Raspberries: Polyphenol and Anthocyanin Retention, Antioxidant Capacity, and Antiadipogenic Activity

ABSTRACT:  Fresh and dried raspberries prepared by freeze drying (FD), microwave-vacuum (MIVAC), hot-air drying (HAD), and a combination of hot-air drying and microwave-vacuum (HAD/MIVAC) drying methods were evaluated for polyphenol retention, total polyphenol and anthocyanin contents, total antioxidant capacity, and antiadipogenic activity (the inhibition of fat cell development). Ellagic acid and quercetin were present in the largest concentrations in fresh and dehydrated raspberries. Dehydration led to a loss of polyphenols and anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity. Polyphenols (aglycone form) were retained in the greatest amount: 20% (freeze dried) to 30% (HAD/MIVAC) (fresh = 100%). A total of 30% of polyphenols (glycoside form) were retained in raspberries dried by the HAD/MIVAC methods with 5% of retention observed for raspberries dried by FD, HAD, or MIVAC. FD and MIVAC resulted in higher retention of anthocyanins (aglycone form) than other drying methods. It was also observed that antioxidant activity was reduced by dehydration. Adipogenesis was inhibited by polyphenolic glycosides (30%) and aglycones (30% to 40%) in fresh and HAD/MIVAC raspberries. Extracts from dried raspberries by HAD/MIVAC methods were relatively more effective at inhibiting adipogenesis compared to HAD and FD dried raspberries.     

蓝莓、黑莓原果汁及7种天然红色素果汁饮料 产品的比较

目的比较几种蓝莓、黑莓原果汁及天然红色素果汁饮料的品质。方法通过对6品种蓝莓、黑莓果汁出汁率、可溶性固形物、总酸含量、色价、总花色苷含量及花色苷降解指数等品质指标的比较,并制备黑莓果汁饮料,与6种市售蓝莓、桑葚果汁饮料的品质进行比较。结果 6品种原果汁的可溶性固形物含量在8.8%~14.2%范围内,总酸含量在0.447%~1.604%之间,色价为6~45,总花色苷含量在22~83 mg/100 mL之间,花色苷降解指数为1.10~1.23,出汁率为60%~70%,其中园蓝和宝森原果汁的品质较好。7种果汁产品的品质差异较大,其中黑莓果汁饮料的果汁含量30%,色价为3.63±0.050,总花色苷含量6.70±0.019 mg/100 mL,花色苷降解指数1.34,仅次于果汁含量95%的蓝百蓓有机野生蓝莓汁。蓝百蓓野生蓝莓汁和光明桑果汁饮料的品质适中,受欢迎度高。结论原果汁品质从高到低依次为园蓝、宝森、赫尔、切斯特、灿烂、巨蓝;果汁产品品质从高到低依次为蓝百蓓有机野生蓝莓汁、黑莓果汁饮料、光明桑果汁饮料、蓝百蓓野生蓝莓汁、萃雅源蓝莓汁、绿情野生蓝莓汁、金双谷蓝莓汁。     

Phytochemical composition and biological activity of 8 varieties of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) sprouts and mature taproots

Radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) are members of the cruciferous vegetable family that contain many classes of biologically active phytochemicals. This study determined the phytochemical composition of the sprouts and mature taproots of 8 radish varieties. Radish sprouts contained significantly greater concentrations of glucosinolates (3.8-fold) and isothiocyanates (8.2-fold) than the mature radish taproot and also contained significantly greater concentrations of phenolics (on average 6.9-fold). The anthocyanin concentrations of the mature radish taproot were significantly greater than in the sprouts of red, pink, and purple varieties. The primary anthocyanidins present in the red and pink radish varieties were pelargonidin and delphinidin, while the primary anthocyanidin in the purple radish variety was cyanidin. Radish sprouts were between 9- and 59-fold more potent than the corresponding mature taproot at activating the antioxidant response element (ARE) in a stably transfected hepatoma cell line. The ARE activity of the radish sprouts and mature taproots was significantly correlated with the total isothiocyanate concentration of the radishes. Practical Application: Understanding the influence variety and developmental stage has on the biological activity of cruciferous vegetables provides important information for further studies examining the in vivo effects of radish treatment and foundation for providing recommendations to reduce the risk of chronic disease through dietary intervention.     

铁皮石斛花色苷提取及其抗氧化活性分析

以龙江铁皮石斛为试验材料,对微波辅助提取法提取的铁皮石斛花色苷的抗氧化活性进行了综合评价。结果表明:最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数50%、料液比1︰20(g/mL)、辐射功率406 W、辐射时间90 s、浸泡时间4h、提取次数2次,在此条件下铁皮石斛花色苷含量为1.052 mg/g,花色苷质量浓度为35.07 mg/L。铁皮石斛花色苷有较强的抗氧化能力,且与花色苷质量浓度显现出一定的正比关系,抗氧化效果强于VC。以同浓度梯度的抗坏血酸作对照,根据IC₅₀值的比较可知花色苷的清除效果明显优于同浓度梯度的抗坏血酸。     

60种蓝莓花青素的含量及抗氧化性的比较研究

以60个蓝莓品种为实验材料,对它们的花青素含量进行了测定,并且测定了代表抗氧化活性的DPPH自由基清除能力和其总的抗氧化能力。研究表明:花青素的平均含量为5.378 mg/g。在这60种蓝莓中,L品种花青素含量比较高,其样品鲜质量平均含量为7.23 mg/g,样品鲜质量含量在5.98 mg/g~8.69 mg/g。而M品种花青素含量比较低其样品鲜质量平均含量为2.514 mg/g,最低的只有1.25 mg/g;H品种品种较多,其花青素含量大小有一定的差距,为3.18 mg/g~8.02 mg/g,没有明显规律性。同时对其清除DPPH自由基能力,总抗氧化能力测定表明,蓝莓花青素含量越高,其抗氧化能力就越强。     

甘薯块根内活性物质对花青素稳定性的影响

甘薯薯肉内含有能使花青素分解退色的活性物质,在甘薯匀浆中可导致一半以上的色素损失,严重影响了色素提取效率。结果表明,这种物质能溶于水,不耐酸,不耐加热,可被乙醇钝化,属蛋白质类物质。在色素提取时要首先将这些活性物质钝化,以提高花青素的产率。     

分光光度法检测葡萄酒中花青素方法可行性分析

目的 分析分光光度法检测葡萄酒中花青素方法的可行性,并对方法进行优化。方法 通过分析标准品和样品的全波长扫描图,确定分光光度法的最佳检测波长;通过检测不同储存时间时标准品吸光值,分析标准品稳定性,确定标准品储备液最佳使用时间;通过检测加标回收率、检出限、定量限等参数,同时做与液相色谱法的数据对比,分析该方法的稳定性和准确性。 结果 最佳检测波长为518 nm;标准品母液在2 d内吸光值比较稳定;线性范围为1~20 μg/mL时,r2为0.9998,检出限为0.188 mg/100 mL,定量限为0.625 mg/100 mL。加标水平为4、8、12 mg/100 mL时,加标回收率为102.3%~106.5%。分光光度法检测葡萄酒样品中花青素含量为(6.58±0.38) mg/100 mL,液相法检测样品中总花青素含量为(6.84±0.021) mg/100 mL。结论 分光光度法适合用于葡萄酒中花青素含量的检测,方法准确性较好。     

Thermal Degradation of Acylated and Nonacylated Anthocyanins

ABSTRACT:  The thermal degradation pathways of acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins from 3 commercial sources have been investigated. Strawberry, elderberry, and black carrot concentrates were purified on XAD-16-HP and Sephadex-LH-20 columns to remove sugars, amino acids, salts, and phenolic compounds, respectively. The so obtained anthocyanin isolates were heated at 95 °C at pH 1, the optimum stability condition for the flavylium cation. During 7 h of thermal exposure, the samples were monitored by HPLC-DAD-MS³ at 280, 320, and 520 nm, respectively, together with spectrophotometric color and anthocyanin assessment. Total anthocyanin content lightness, and chroma, but not hue angle, were appropriate parameters to monitor anthocyanin loss on a statistically significant level. Anthocyanin glycosides were generally cleaved by successive loss of sugar moieties and pentoses were more readily split off than hexoses. Anthocyanin aglycones were further degraded by scission into phloroglucinaldehyde (cyanidin, pelargonidin), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (pelargonidin), and protocatechuic acid (cyanidin), the residues of the A- and B-rings, respectively. Most interestingly, acylated cyanidin-triglycosides from black carrot were degraded into their corresponding diglycoside derivatives, which are not genuine carrot pigments. Moreover, hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides were generated. It is therefore assumed that the thermal burden during processing of anthocyanic food can be deduced by monitoring the colored and colorless compound profiles.