我国食源性蜡样芽孢杆菌毒力基因和药物敏感性研究

目的 了解我国不同地区食源性蜡样芽孢杆菌的毒力基因携带特点及其对抗生素的敏感性,为食源性食物中毒的防治提供参考依据.方法 采用PCR方法对2011年我国不同地区收集的238株食源性蜡样芽孢杆菌10种毒力基因进行检测;采用微量肉汤稀释法测定其抗生素敏感性.结果 溶血素BL基因、肠毒素T基因和细孢毒素K基因是我国食源性蜡样芽孢杆菌的主要毒力基因,至少携带一个毒力基因的菌株达到检出菌总数的87.4％;蜡样芽孢杆菌对庆大霉素、万古霉素、环丙沙星、复方新诺明的敏感率为100％,对红霉素、四环素、氯霉素、克林霉素的敏感率分别为88.8％、90.2％、99.6％、87.1％,对氨苄西林和头孢噻肟的敏感率仅为0.4％和5.4％.结论 我国食源性蜡样芽孢杆菌毒力基因携带率较高,对食品安全和公共健康构成潜在的威胁;蜡样芽孢杆菌对氨苄西林、头孢噻肟的敏感性差,不应作为经验用药和预防用药.     

红霉素类抗生素电喷雾/飞行时间质谱源内CID研究

本文采用电喷雾 /飞行时间质谱法 ,对 5个红霉素类抗生素进行了源内CID研究 ,并以PEG40 0及各样品质子化分子离子 (MH+ )做为内标物 ,对碎片离子进行了准确质量测定 ,确认了这些碎片离子 ,并总结了此类化合物的裂解规律。样品分子含有去氧氨基糖 (desosamine)或红霉糖 (cladinose)两个糖基片段 ,其中去氧氨基糖易于形成带电离子。另外考察了喷管电压 (NozzlePotential)、溶剂条件等对红霉素类抗生素电喷雾源内CID质谱的影响。     

膜分离技术在抗生素提炼过程中的应用

膜分离过程是一种选择性高,操作简单,能耗低的纯物理分离技术,已在各工业领域和科学研究中得到广泛的应用,文章对膜分离技术在抗生素提炼领域的技术进展进行了较全面的综述。     

Prevalence of Salmonellae on Beef Products at Butcheries and their Antibiotic Resistance Profiles

We determined the aerobic plate count at 5 and 25 °C, presence of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli, and prevalence of Salmonella species in 354 meat products collected from butcheries. The aerobic counts varied from 3.5 to 10.7 log₁₀ CFU/g. Most of the microorganisms were psychrotrophic. Coliforms were present in all samples except kidneys. Escherichia coli was present at ≥2 log₁₀ CFU/g in ≥50% of the minced meat, liver, and stew. Salmonella species were present in 9.9% of the samples. Minced meat and tripe contained more salmonellae than the other beef. Serogroup E or G (57.1%) was the most predominant serotype. Tetracycline resistance (33.3%) was higher than that of other antibiotics.     

食源性乳酸菌外获抗药性的研究进展

乳酸菌外获抗药性是指乳酸菌主动或被动地从抗药性菌株上外获抗药性因子。本文对食源性乳酸菌抗药性产生的原因,传递外获抗药性因子的载体及传递方式进行了综述,以期加强人们对抗药性菌株扩增的防范意识。     

解脲支原体对7种抗生素的体外敏感性测定

目的: 了解非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU) 患者解脲支原体(UU) 对7 种抗生素的敏感性。方法: 采用微量肉汤稀释法测定体外药物敏感性, 对培养阳性的150 例患者进行了分析。结果: UU 对 7 种抗生素的敏感性的顺序由高到低依次为:交沙霉素(96 6.7 %) 、强力霉素(90.67 %) 、美满霉素(88.67 %) 、司巴沙星(58.67 %) 、 罗 红 霉 素 (39.33 %) 、 氧 氟 沙 星(18.00 %) 和阿奇霉素(8.00 %) 。UU 耐药率最高的为氧氟沙星(31.33 %), 其次为司巴沙星(18.67 %)和罗红霉素(18.00 %) 。结论: UU 存在多重耐药, 对UU 进行药敏监测对指导临床合理用药及防止耐药株的发生有重要意义。     

食用香料植物的开发利用研究

本文在论述食用香料植物赋香调味作用的基础上,阐述了食用香料植物的防腐抑菌作用、抗氧化作用、健胃驱风等药疗作用。并在广泛调查研究的基础上介绍了100余种已开发利用或未被利用的天然食用香料植物。     

海水中溶藻弧菌的分离、鉴定及其耐药性分析

用无菌采样器在上海临港海域采集100份海水,经过增菌培养和选择性分离后,进行3种生理生化鉴定和PCR鉴定,共得到33株溶藻弧菌.采用优化的K-B法测定分离菌株对20种抗生素的耐药性,结果表明:溶藻弧菌对四环素的耐药性最高(100.0％),其次是氨苄青霉素(97.0％)和羧苄青霉素(93.9％);对头孢吡肟、安曲南、红霉素、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星和氯霉素敏感.本次分离的溶藻弧菌具有严重的多重耐药性,所有分离菌均对3种及3种以上抗生素多重耐药,同时对6种及6种以上抗生素耐药的有15株(45.5％),同时对8种及8种以上抗生素耐药的有6株(18.2％).本次关于溶藻弧菌对抗生素的耐药性分析结果可以为食源性疾病控制提供参考依据,同时为溶藻弧菌的耐药机制的研究奠定理论基础.     

利用电子鼻区分羊奶中不同浓度抗生素

采用电子鼻方法,利用主成分分析(PCA)和线性判别分析(LDA)进行数据采集,对添加硫酸土霉素、盐酸链霉素、硫酸庆大霉素的羊奶进行快速检测与识别.结果表明,PCA只能区分盐酸链霉素样品,LDA的区分效果明显优于PCA.电子鼻能够有效的区分添加以上3种不同浓度抗生素的羊奶.     

High throughput detection of antibiotic residues in milk by time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography based on QR code

ABSTRACT

Herein, we have successfully established a novel, rapid, and simple lateral-flow immunoassay based on time-resolved fluorescence and biotin-streptavidin to detect the residues of various antibiotics in milk. The fluorescence signal and sensitivity of immunochromatography were enhanced through biotinylated antibody coupled with streptavidin europium microspheres. Moreover, due to the use of a QR Code and fluorescent reader, quantitative detection and real-time data uploading can be achieved. Under the optimal conditions, the various antibiotic residues were detected in the milk samples. The results showed that the limits of detection of tylosin, lincomycin and doxycycline were 0.10, 0.06, and 0.27 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries of the spiked milk samples were 88.9%~127%, with coefficients of variation less than 11%, and the test strip can be stored at room temperature for 12 months. This study shows that the proposed time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay is sensitive, rapid and reliable, and has the potential to be used for detection of veterinary antibiotic residues in food safety fields.