对抗菌陶瓷材料性能及制备工艺的计算机定量评估

本文主要介绍了一种多目标决策分析方法-具有先验偏好的离散模型的消去与选择转换算法ELECTREI，并对该法用于抗菌陶瓷材料性能及制备工艺的评估作了详细讨论。最后，作者还对多目标决策分析方法的进一步应用前景作了展望。     

Ternary novel TiO2/MgBi2O6/Bi2O3 nanocomposites with n-n-p heterojunctions: Impressive visible-light-triggered photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline

A series of novel ternary TiO₂/MgBi₂O₆/Bi₂O₃ nanocomposites were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The ternary nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, EDX, PL, EIS, Photocurrent, UV–vis DRS, BET, XPS, Raman, and FT-IR analyses. The photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ for the degradation of tetracycline antibiotic after combining with MgBi₂O₆/Bi₂O₃ was significantly improved, which is 46.1 and 18.5 times higher than pristine TiO₂ and MgBi₂O₆/Bi₂O₃ photocatalysts, respectively. Furthermore, the ternary photocatalyst efficiently degraded MO, RhB, and MB dye pollutants, which is 22.5, 30.4, and 30.0 as high as TiO₂ and 11.2, 14.4, and 17.8 folds larger than MgBi₂O₆/Bi₂O₃ photocatalysts, respectively. The photoluminescence and electrochemical analyses confirmed promoted separation and facile transfer of the charges thanks to construction of n-n-p heterojunctions among n-TiO₂, n-MgBi₂O₆, and p-Bi₂O₃ components and more production of charge carriers due to integration of small band gap MgBi₂O₆ and Bi₂O₃ components with wide band gap TiO₂.     

我国农用抗生素的研发现状及其进展

我国已商品化的农用抗生素类品种有21种,制剂量超过8万t／a,产值约为12亿元／a。目前我国农用抗生素产业所呈现的特点是:生产企业的数量在不断减少;有些产品不生产和停产,另外一些新商品化的品种数量在增加;农用抗生素产业已成为生物农药产业的主体。介绍了我国农用抗生素的研发现状及其进展,指出了存在的问题,对我国未来农用抗生素的发展提出了建议。     

药用植物辣木内生真菌的分离及其抗菌活性分析

从新鲜植株辣木的茎和叶中分离出内生真菌35株。以金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄八叠球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、白色念株菌、掷孢酵母为受试菌株,对其进行抗菌活性筛选。结果表明,共有29株内生真菌对1株或1株以上的受试菌株有抗菌活性,其中平板抑菌圈直径大于15mm的菌株有1株。研究结果表明,辣木内生真菌具有良好的潜在应用价值,值得做进一步研究。     

Dynamic Sessile‐Droplet Habitats for Controllable Cultivation of Bacterial Biofilm

Bacterial biofilms play essential roles in biogeochemical cycling, degradation of environmental pollutants, infection diseases, and maintenance of host health. The lack of quantitative methods for growing and characterizing biofilms remains a major challenge in understanding biofilm development. In this study, a dynamic sessile‐droplet habitat is introduced, a simple method which cultivates biofilms on micropatterns with diameters of tens to hundreds of micrometers in a microfluidic channel. Nanoliter plugs are utilized, spaced by immiscible carrier oil to initiate and support the growth of an array of biofilms, anchored on and spatially confined to the micropatterns arranged on the bottom surface of the microchannel, while planktonic or dispersal cells are flushed away by shear force of aqueous plugs. The performance of the aforementioned method of cultivating biofilms is demonstrated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and its derived mutants, and quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility testing of PAO1 biofilms. This method could significantly eliminate corner effects, avoid microchannel clogging, and constrain the growth of biofilms for long‐term observations. The controllable sessile droplet‐based biofilm cultivation presented in this study should shed light on more quantitative and long‐term studies of biofilms, and open new avenues for investigation of biofilm attachment, growth, expansion, and eradication.     

婴幼儿配方乳粉及婴幼儿米粉中的蜡样芽胞杆菌流行情况、耐药性及分子特征研究

目的 了解流通环节市售婴幼儿配方乳粉和婴幼儿米粉中的蜡样芽胞杆菌流行情况、抗生素耐药性和毒力基因等分子特征。方法 采用GB 4789.14—2014《食品卫生微生物学检验 蜡样芽胞杆菌检验》对样品中的蜡样芽胞杆菌进行检测与生化鉴定。进一步通过抗生素敏感实验和全基因组测序对11株代表性分离株进行研究,获得耐药表型及耐药、毒力基因等分子特征信息。结果 婴幼儿配方乳粉和婴幼儿米粉中蜡样芽胞杆菌的检出率分别为11.97%（56/468）和20.74%（28/135）。11株代表性蜡样芽胞杆菌均为多重耐药菌株,全基因组测序结果发现11株分离株共携带8个耐药基因和14个毒力基因,其中主要携带磷霉素、β-内酰胺类抗生素抗性基因,以及肠毒素基因（hbl和nhe）,另发现1株携带ces基因簇蜡样芽胞杆菌菌株。11株分离株具有遗传多样性,11株分离株分属10个ST型。结论 婴幼儿配方乳粉和婴幼儿米粉中的蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率较低,但代表菌株的耐药谱和遗传特征具有多样性,应进一步加强监测及采取有效措施进行控制,以保障相关食品的安全性。     

载银羟基磷灰石抗菌织物的研究

通过硝酸钙和磷酸钠水溶液反应合成了磷灰石纳米浆料，并进一步制备出载银羟基磷灰石粉料。用透射电镜、红外光谱仪和转靶X射线衍射仪对载银羟基磷灰石进行了形貌和物相等分析，用原子吸收光谱仪测定了载银羟基磷灰石粉料Ag^ 含量，并利用后整理法加工出载银羟基磷灰石抗菌织物，对载银羟基磷灰石粉料和织物均进行了抗菌效果的测试。结果表明，载银羟基磷灰石粉料和织物均有很强的抑菌效果，市场应用前景十分广阔。     

1-{N-丙基-N-[2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙基]}氨基甲酰咪唑的合成工艺

探讨了N-丙基-N-[2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙基]氨基甲酰氯合成1-N-丙基-N-[2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙基]氨基甲酰咪唑时溶剂、物料比、碱的种类与用量、反应温度等条件对反应收率的影响。适于工业生产的最佳条件是：氯仿作溶剂、氨甲酰氯咪唑三乙胺=1：1：2、氨甲酰氯的浓度为0．52mol／L、反应温度为氯仿沸点、反应时间为5h。收率85％。     

绢竹混纺面料的开发与生产实践

根据竹纤维的性能和特点,从新品开发和生产实践出发,具体分析了绢竹混纺新型面料的生产工艺和产品特征,指出了该产品的应用前景。