植物多糖生物活性功能的研究进展

主要介绍了植物多糖的生物活性功能,如免疫调节、抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂、抗辐射、抗病毒、抗疲劳、抗衰老等.介绍了近年来植物多糖的研究进展.     

Recipes for antimicrobial wine marinades against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica

ABSTRACT:  We have evaluated bactericidal activities against Bacillus cereus , Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes , and Salmonella enterica of several antimicrobial wine recipes, each consisting of red or white wine extracts of oregano leaves with added garlic juice and oregano oil. Dose-response plots were used to determine the percentage of the recipes that resulted in a 50% decrease in colony-forming units (CFU) at 60 min (BA₅₀). Studies designed to optimize antibacterial activities of the recipes demonstrated that several combinations of the naturally occurring plant-derived ingredients rapidly inactivated the above mentioned 4 foodborne pathogens. We also showed that (a) incubation temperature affected activities in the following order: 37 °C > 21 °C > 4 °C; (b) varying the initial bacterial concentrations from 10³ to 10⁴ to 10⁵ CFU/well did not significantly affect BA₅₀ values; (c) storage of 3 marinades up to 2 mo did not change their effectiveness against Salmonella enterica ; and (d) polyphenolic compounds isolated by chromatography from red wine exhibited exceptional activity at nanogram levels against 2 strains of Bacillus cereus . These observations suggest that antimicrobial wine formulations have the potential to improve the microbiological safety of foods.     

黄褐毛忍冬中酚酸类化合物含量及其抗氧化活性相关性

为探究黄褐毛忍冬总绿原酸含量、总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性相关性;利用50％甲醇恒温震荡提取黄褐毛忍冬花蕾中总绿原酸、总黄酮,紫外分光光度法测定其含量,DPPH比色法测定其抗氧化活性,采用SPSS软件对化合物含量与抗氧化活性进行相关性分析;结果表明：在0．01水平上总绿原酸含量、总黄酮含量与黄褐毛忍冬抗氧化活性呈正相关,相关数为分别为0．734和0．683,即绿原酸对黄褐毛忍冬的抗氧化活性贡献最大,其次是黄酮。     

一株纤维素酶酶学特性的研究

通过对纤维素酶在两种不同底物中的酶解和糖化情况分别进行研究，确定该酶酶活力最高时的温度和pH（最适温度和最适pH），同时对酒精在纤维素降解过程中所产生的阻遏作用进行了初步的探讨。     

苏木色素的稳定性及抗氧化活性研究

以苏木抗癌药物提取废液为研究对象,首先对废液中的苏木色素进行分离、纯化,并对其稳定性和抗氧化活性进行了评价。实验表明:纯化后的色素回收率为84.50%87.96%,色价较粗品提高了3倍以上;该色素在弱酸性、中性环境中稳定性良好;在温度低于60℃时,保存率较高;紫外灯照射、室内光照、室外光照均会使色素有一定程度的褪色,因此该色素更适宜避光保存;Cu2+、Al3+会使其颜色变深,具有增色作用,而Zn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+的加入则对其无影响;甜味剂、防腐剂的加入也不会改变色素的吸光度值。同时,通过体外抗氧化活性实验发现,相比于BHT,该色素具有更强的还原性,对脂质过氧化过程有抑制作用,且抗氧化效果与添加量之间有明显的量效关系,对羟自由基(.OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)也有较强的清除能力。     

采前氯吡脲处理对‘秦美’猕猴桃贮藏期间果实硬度及细胞壁降解的影响

以‘秦美’猕猴桃果实为试材,于盛花期后28 d分别采用0（对照,清水）、5、10、20 mg/L 4 个质量浓度的氯吡脲（1-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-phenylurea,CPPU）溶液进行蘸果处理,蘸果时间3～5 s,研究采前CPPU处理对‘秦美’猕猴桃贮藏期间果实硬度及细胞壁降解酶活力的影响。结果表明：CPPU处理加速了果实硬度、原果胶和纤维素质量分数的下降,提高了可溶性果胶质量分数及多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（polygalacturonase,PG）、果胶甲酯酶（pectin methylesterase,PME）、纤维素酶（cellulase,Cx）和β-半乳糖苷酶（β-D-galaetosidase,β-Gal）细胞壁降解活力。各处理组果实硬度与可溶性果胶质量分数和PG、Cx活力呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,与原果胶、纤维素质量分数呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）;20 mg/L CPPU处理组果实的β-Gal活力与硬度呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）。CPPU处理提高了果实细胞壁降解酶的活力,促进了细胞壁的降解,加速了贮藏期间果实的软化,降低了果实的耐贮藏性。为维持猕猴桃采后果实硬度,延长贮藏期,生产中不宜使用CPPU处理,或使用的质量浓度不宜超过5 mg/L。     

中国大鲵肌内脂肪酸组成及其抗氧化研究

分析中国大鲵肌内脂肪酸的组成,并研究肌内脂肪酸抗氧化,提供肌内脂肪酸开发利用的基础理论。通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术分析肌内脂肪酸的组成;通过Schaal烘箱法(63±1℃)研究肌内脂肪酸的抗氧化特性。GC-MS分析结果表明:肌内脂肪主要含13种脂肪酸,其含量由高到低依次为,C18∶124.2%,C16∶015.4%,C16∶113.7%,C18∶28.2%,C20∶56.7%,C18∶34.5%,C22∶64.3%,C14∶13.0%,C18∶02.8%,C22∶52.6%,C20∶42.2%,C17∶02.0%,C17∶11.9%。饱和脂肪酸(SFA)为20.2%,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)达71.3%。单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)为42.8%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)为28.5%,具有保健功能性作用的ω-6型PUFA为13.0%,ω-3型PUFA为15.5%。ω-6型与ω-3型PUFA比为0.8。Schaal烘箱法研究结果表明:抗氧化剂二丁基对甲苯酚(BHT)、没食子酸丙酯(PG)、特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)对肌内脂肪酸有明显的抗氧化作用,其中特丁基对苯二酚抗氧化效果较佳。中国大鲵肌内脂肪富含ω-3和ω-6型...     

人工培养蛹虫草C19提取液的体外抗氧化活性研究

探讨人工培养的蛹虫草C19的生物学活性,采用化学比色法分别测定蛹虫草提取物的抗氧化活性.实验结果表明,蛹虫草C19提取液具有很强还原能力.提取液为0.12%时,对DPPH的清除率达到(49.7±1.83)%,对MDA生成的抑制率为(88.67±2.59)%;提取液为0.6%时,对O2-·的清除率为(83.22±3.07...     

Antioxidant properties of tartary buckwheat extracts as affected by different thermal processing methods

The effects of roasting, pressured-steam heating and microwave heating on total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant properties of whole-meal flour from tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) were investigated. The total phenolics were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteau assay, total flavonoids by aluminum nitrate colorimetric assay whilst antioxidant properties were based on free radical scavenging activity of flour extracts against hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in vitro. This study showed that thermal treatment of buckwheat flour caused a decrease in total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidative activities. The changes in trend of the antioxidant activities due to the thermal treatment were positively correlated with the content of phenolics (R² = 0.8401-0.9909). Therefore, it can be suggested that special care should be taken when processing method is selected for the exploration of tartary buckwheat products.     

果蔬抗氧化活性的研究

利用 β 胡萝卜素 亚油酸乳化液氧化法对杭州市场上常见的 41种果蔬进行了抗氧化活性的研究 ,并测定其总酚的含量。结果表明 :大多数果蔬具有一定的抗氧化活性 ,其中香椿、芦蒿、莴笋叶、水芹、茼蒿菜、马齿苋、藕的抗氧化活性较强 ,其总酚含量也较高 ,说明果蔬抗氧化活性的强弱与果蔬所含的酚类物质有一定的关联性