用直接纺丝法制芳纶短纤维

研究了直接纺丝制取芳纶短纤维的新方法。讨论了纤维长度、直径及力学性能与纺丝条件的关系。发现影响纤维长度的主要因素是空气层高度和喷丝速度,影响纤维直径的主要因素为喷口直径及喷丝速度。此外,还用PPTA短纤维制成了均匀的PPTA"浆粕"纤维。     

芳纶及其功能织物的研究动态

芳纶是一种耐高温的高强高模特种纤维。介绍了间位芳纶和对位芳纶的结构和性能,以及当前利用其性能制得的各种功能芳纶织物。指出芳纶今后的研究方向:更高的力学性能,130～170GPa的弹性模量,60～90GPa的抗拉强度;更多的功能特性,尤其是耐500～600℃高温的特性。以期芳纶功能织物特性大幅度提高,应用更广泛。     

电晕法处理超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维

用电晕法对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维进行了表面处理。利用DPPH检测纤维表面自由基的产生和变化，并用XPS表面元素分析、SEM等方法探讨了纤维表面性能处理前后的变化。实验发现，通过电晕处理后，纤维复合材料的抗剪切强度从未处理的5．98MPa提高到14．3MPa。     

苎麻落麻纤维增强热固性树脂复合材料的制备及性能研究

本文介绍了落麻纤维、落麻热压毡、落麻无纺毡制备热固性树脂复合材料的工艺过程;比较了这三种复合材料的力学性能;结果表明,用无纺毡制备复合材料的方法可较大幅度提高纤维含量,能较好地解决落麻纤维在复合材料中的分散问题.     

金属化纤维织物材料

综述了金属化纤维织物材料的研究与发展，金属化纤维和织物的主要制造方法及技术；金属化织物材料的应用及其重要意义。     

On the pressure drop modeling of monofilament-woven fabrics

Pressure drop of monofilament-woven fabrics is often calculated via the so-called orifice model in which a discharge coefficient is assigned to the weave's unit cell. In all previous models of woven fabrics, the filaments were assumed to have circular cross-sections—an assumption which is not entirely accurate especially when there is a considerable tension in the warps and wefts. Following the methodology developed by Lu et al. [1996. Fluid flow through basic weaves of monofilament filter cloth. Textile Research Journal 66 (5), 311-323], a new set of expressions are derived for calculating the most constricted open area, and so the discharge coefficient, of plain-woven monofilament fabrics having filaments with elliptical cross-sections. Conducting numerical simulations for computing the pressure drop of such fabrics, we observed a logarithmic relationship between the discharge coefficient and the Reynolds number. It was also shown that the discharge coefficient decreases by increasing the aspect ratio of the filaments’ cross-section.     

UV photo‐stabilization of tetrabutyl titanate for aramid fibers via sol–gel surface modification

Tetrabutyl titanate was used as sol–gel precursor of a nanosized TiO₂ coating to improve the photo‐stability of aramid fibers. The nanosized TiO₂ coating was characterized by XRD and XPS. The influence of the TiO₂ coating on photo‐stability of aramid fibers was investigated by an accelerated photo‐ageing method. The photo‐stability of aramid fiber showed obvious improvement after coating. After 156 h of UV exposure, the coated fibers showed less deterioration in mechanical properties with the retained tensile strength and elongation at break greater than 36 and 50% of the original values, respectively, whereas the uncoated fibers degraded completely and became powdery. SEM analysis showed no significant surface morphological change on the coated fiber after the exposure, while some latitudinal crack fractures appeared on the uncoated aramid fiber. The effect of the nanosized TiO₂ coating was also well demonstrated by examining the difference of distributions of C1s in XPS deconvolution analysis on the surface of uncoated/coated fibers with increasing UV exposure time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3113–3119, 2007     

柞蚕丝织物的柔软整理方法分析

采用蛋白酶和有机硅柔软剂对柞蚕丝织物进行柔软整理,通过正交试验,确定了两种整理的最佳工艺条件,并对比分析了两种整理方法在柔软效果、工艺条件和整理成本上的差异,得出柞蚕丝织物采用有机硅柔软整理优于蛋白酶整理的结论。     

酸性KMnO_4条件下芳纶纤维的表面改性研究

利用KMnO4在酸性的环境中具有氧化性的特性对芳纶纤维进行表面改性研究,分析其表面形貌、强力以及拉伸性能的变化;采用扫描电子显微镜观察处理前后芳纶纤维的表面形态特征;以夹角余弦幅度法确定权重;利用模糊正交法的理论与方法处理试验数据,得出模糊综合评价值.从而得出最佳实验指标为:硫酸质量分数10%,KMnO4质量浓度5 g/L,处理温度为30℃,处理时间35 min.     

纬编针织女装基础纸样研究

采用立体裁剪的方法,对5种纬编针织面料进行了女装基础衣片的试制,就针织服装中常用的结构参数进行了研究,为女装针织结构的设计提供了有益的参考.