介孔碳对气相多环芳烃的吸附研究

选取两种典型多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)菲、芘为研究对象,对其在CMK-3上的吸附特性进行了研究。通过实验得到各组吸附质—吸附剂的吸附等温线及不同浓度下的穿透曲线,并分别由吸附等温线模型(Langmuir、Freundlich、DR)以及基于恒定浓度波假设的动力学模型拟合,获得相应的吸附平衡及动力学参数。研究结果表明:Langmuir模型能很好的描述低浓度的菲在CMK-3的吸附行为,Freundlich模型能很好的描述低浓度的芘在CMK-3上的吸附行为(R~299%)。基于恒定浓度波假设的穿透曲线模型能较好的预测浓度较低时PAHs的穿透曲线;相同浓度的PAHs在其上吸附的内扩散系数呈现PyrPhe的规律,而总传质系数则呈现出相反的规律,且菲的浓度越大总传质系数越大,芘正好相反。     

芯材制备条件对聚脲石蜡相变微胶囊性能的影响

采用吐温-80(Tween-80)和司班-80(Span-80)复配乳化剂,通过芯材表面修饰法制备以聚脲为壁材,石蜡为芯材的石蜡相变微胶囊材料。采用差示扫描量热仪、激光粒径分布仪和扫面电子显微镜对石蜡相变微胶囊进行了形貌表征和性能分析。通过对石蜡相变微胶囊芯材制备的单因素试验,对聚脲石蜡相变微胶囊的性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,复配乳化剂的使用能使芯材乳液的稳定性增加,而复合乳化剂用量、搅拌速率和乳化时间的延长有利于芯材乳液的稳定性的增加;芯材制备过程中,搅拌分散转速、搅拌分散时间及搅拌降温速率对石蜡相变微胶囊的性能有重要影响。     

QSAR结合人工神经网络方法研究取代芳烃分子结构与Na-K-ATP酶活性

运用函数连接型神经网络研究 3 8种取代芳烃化合物的分子结构—毒性的定量构效关系 (QSAR) ,计算结果与MLR计算结果比较 ,前者比后者好。与实验结果的线性拟合相关系数 ,FLN所得结果为 0 9561～ 0 9996,MLR所得结果为 0 869～ 0 965。     

The molecular structure of asphaltene: an unfolding story

From detailed chemical and thermal degradation studies, a host of structural units have been identified in Alberta asphaltenes. It has been shown that the extent of aromatic condensation is low and that highly condensed pericyclic aromatic structures are present in very low concentrations. From the available data reported to date, it is concluded that petroleum asphaltenes were mainly derived through the catalytic cyclization, aromatization and condensation of n-alkanoic, probably fatty acids, precursors.     

EPISODIC SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND ELEVATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIONS IN A SMALL,MOUNTAINOUS RIVER IN COASTAL CALIFORNIA

Suspended sediment and organic contaminants were measured during a period of 2 years in the San Lorenzo River, central California, which discharges into the Pacific Ocean within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, in an effort to quantify the potential environmental effects of storm events from a steep, mountainous coastal urban watershed. Most suspended sediment transport occurred during flooding caused by winter storms; 56% of the total sediment load for the 2‐year study was transported by the river during one storm event in January 2010. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can exceed regulatory criteria during high‐flow events in the San Lorenzo River, and total annual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon load was on the order of 10 kg in water year 2010. These results highlight the importance of episodic sediment and contaminant transport in steep, mountainous coastal watersheds and emphasize the importance of understanding physical processes and quantifying chemical constituents in discharge from coastal watersheds on event‐scale terms. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.     

黄河河口段水-沙-芳烃类污染物相互作用的数值研究

考虑复合污染条件下泥沙吸附污染物和泥沙冲淤运动对污染物输移扩散特性的影响,建立了非恒定非饱和输沙模型和污染物迁移转化模型,并结合黄河河口段利津至清7河段监测数据,研究该河段水流、泥沙过程及污染物迁移转化规律,分析了多组份共存的复合污染条件下苯酚、苯胺及氯苯之间的吸附竞争关系及其浓度变化情况。研究结果表明,从上游到下游先冲刷后淤积的河段中,溶解态污染物浓度值沿程降低,吸附态污染物浓度值沿程升高。三组分复合体系下各污染物之间存在竞争吸附,吸附态苯胺浓度值升高而溶解态浓度值降低,苯酚和氯苯在泥沙上的吸附作用受到抑制,吸附态浓度值有所下降,溶解态浓度值略有升高。     

假单胞菌多糖为壁材微胶囊的制备

对以明胶和假单胞菌PT-8胞外多糖为壁材制备红花油微胶囊的影响因素进行了研究,包括壁材质量浓度、交联剂质量分数、交联时间、壁材质量比、pH。通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最佳制备条件为:壁材质量浓度为50g/L,交联剂质量分数为3%,交联时间为140min,壁材质量比为5∶4,pH为3.6,此条件下微胶囊的包埋率为81.12%。经显微镜观察发现,微胶囊形态圆整,粒径均匀,分散性较好,粒径在1~10μm。假单胞菌PT-8胞外多糖可以作为制备红花油微胶囊的壁材。     

硫酸铈氧化对二甲苯制对甲基苯甲醛

用硫酸铈为媒质间接电氧化对二甲苯制对甲基苯甲醛。在优选的条件下，电氧化Ｃｅ（ＩＶ）的产率≥８５％。采用十二烷基硫酸钠等催化剂可以明显地加速合成对甲基苯甲醛的反应。