基于长周期光纤光栅的生物传感器设计及仿真

利用生物活性物质高效、专一的催化特性,通过生化反应中生成的复合物对包层折射率和半径的直接调制,提出了基于长周期光纤光栅的、可用于蛋白质等生物物质鉴别与分析的传感方案,并用数值计算方法对检测中所生成复合物薄膜层的折射率和厚度变化对耦合波长偏移和衰减的影响进行了仿真研究,为新型高灵敏度生物传感器的研发提供了理论依据。     

QSAR结合人工神经网络方法研究取代芳烃分子结构与Na-K-ATP酶活性

运用函数连接型神经网络研究 3 8种取代芳烃化合物的分子结构—毒性的定量构效关系 (QSAR) ,计算结果与MLR计算结果比较 ,前者比后者好。与实验结果的线性拟合相关系数 ,FLN所得结果为 0 9561～ 0 9996,MLR所得结果为 0 869～ 0 965。     

EPISODIC SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND ELEVATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CONCENTRATIONS IN A SMALL,MOUNTAINOUS RIVER IN COASTAL CALIFORNIA

Suspended sediment and organic contaminants were measured during a period of 2 years in the San Lorenzo River, central California, which discharges into the Pacific Ocean within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, in an effort to quantify the potential environmental effects of storm events from a steep, mountainous coastal urban watershed. Most suspended sediment transport occurred during flooding caused by winter storms; 56% of the total sediment load for the 2‐year study was transported by the river during one storm event in January 2010. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can exceed regulatory criteria during high‐flow events in the San Lorenzo River, and total annual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon load was on the order of 10 kg in water year 2010. These results highlight the importance of episodic sediment and contaminant transport in steep, mountainous coastal watersheds and emphasize the importance of understanding physical processes and quantifying chemical constituents in discharge from coastal watersheds on event‐scale terms. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.     

黄河河口段水-沙-芳烃类污染物相互作用的数值研究

考虑复合污染条件下泥沙吸附污染物和泥沙冲淤运动对污染物输移扩散特性的影响,建立了非恒定非饱和输沙模型和污染物迁移转化模型,并结合黄河河口段利津至清7河段监测数据,研究该河段水流、泥沙过程及污染物迁移转化规律,分析了多组份共存的复合污染条件下苯酚、苯胺及氯苯之间的吸附竞争关系及其浓度变化情况。研究结果表明,从上游到下游先冲刷后淤积的河段中,溶解态污染物浓度值沿程降低,吸附态污染物浓度值沿程升高。三组分复合体系下各污染物之间存在竞争吸附,吸附态苯胺浓度值升高而溶解态浓度值降低,苯酚和氯苯在泥沙上的吸附作用受到抑制,吸附态浓度值有所下降,溶解态浓度值略有升高。     

番茄灰霉病拮抗细菌 R26抗菌物质产生条件的研究

拮抗细菌R26菌株的代谢产物对番茄灰霉病菌等多种植物病原真菌有较好的抑制作用。本试验研究结果表明，在含麦芽糖20g，牛肉浸膏8g，酵母浸膏5g的1000mL液体培养基中，最有利于其抗菌物质的产生；当温度为32℃，pH值为7，在250mL三角瓶中装20mL液体培养基，接种量为30％(v／v)时，R26菌株产生的抗菌物质抑菌活性最高。培养液中抗菌物质活性随着培养时间的延长而增加。培养36h达到最高。     

对我国油脂深加工的化工产品综述

对我国加速开发植物油脂深加工产品及经济重要性、产品用途、生产工艺等方面作了探讨。介绍了较为成熟的生产工艺,提出了开发生产环氧大豆油、脂肪酸、硬脂酸、甘油、亚油酸、磷脂、糠蜡、植酸钙、肌醇等多种油脂化工产品,创造经济效益的建议。     

3种类型石油酸的腐蚀性以及相互影响

以相对分子质量相近的正辛酸、环己基乙酸和苯甲酸为模型石油酸,采用SEM、X射线能谱和拉曼光谱等手段,分析了相同酸值(2.3 mgKOH/g)下各种石油酸模拟油全浸静态腐蚀实验后的试片和模拟油的形貌和组成,探究了不同类型石油酸的腐蚀特性和相互影响.结果表明:在190℃静态腐蚀实验中,腐蚀速率由大到小的顺序依次为环烷酸、芳...     

芳烃歧化装置换热网络的用能诊断与优化

利用夹点技术对某芳烃歧化装置换热网络进行了分析,并提出优化改造方案.采用操作型夹点分析法表明,现行换热网络夹点温差偏大(73.6 ℃).优选夹点温差为15 ℃,可得最小冷却和加热用能分别为54.096 MW和59.146 MW,而现行换热网络中冷却和加热用能分别为73.970 MW和79.020 MW,存在较大节能潜力.进一步分析表明,现行换热网络存在违背夹点设计原则的现象,导致用能不合理.考虑换热网络变动的复杂程度和经济性,提出了两种优化改造方案,可明显的减少公用工程的使用量.     

Occurrence of priority organic pollutants in the fertilizers, China

The use of large quantities of chemical fertilizers is usually associated with environmental problems. A lot of work has been done on the concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides in chemical fertilizers, but little work has focused on the occurrence of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). In this study the occurrence of 43 SVOCs listed as priority pollutants in 22 widely used-fertilizers of China was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Twenty-six SVOCs were detected with different detection frequencies and concentrations. The most abundant compounds were phthalic acid esters (PAEs; ranging from 1.17 to 2795 microg kg(-1) dry weight, d.w.) and nitroaromatics (up to 9765 microg kg(-1) d.w.), followed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; <140 microg kg(-1) d.w.) and halogenated hydrocarbons (<900 microg kg(-1) d.w.). Chlorobenzenes and haloethers occurred generally at low concentrations. There are large variations in concentrations of various compounds in different fertilizers, and the total concentrations of each class of contaminants varied widely, too. The highest levels of sum concentration for 16 PAHs, for 6 PAEs and for nitroaromatics were found in organic fertilizer containing pesticide and soil amendments. Concentrations of SVOCs in coated fertilizers (the controlled release fertilizer with coating) were considerably higher than those in the corresponding fertilizers without coating. The occurrence frequencies of SVOCs in the straight fertilizers (containing only one of the major plant nutrients) were lower than in the other fertilizers.