SO2处理对新疆3种葡萄香气成分的影响

采后SO2处理对新疆“无核白”、“木纳格”和“红提”3 种葡萄果实香气成分的影响。选4-壬醇做内标,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对SO2处理前3 种葡萄成熟果实的香气成分进行定性和定量分析,同时考察了添加焦亚硫酸钠对“无核白”葡萄香气成分的影响及采后不同贮藏时间SO2处理对3 种葡萄果实香气成分的影响。结果表明,3 种葡萄中分别鉴定出40、38、37 种香气成分,其中C6醛（即己醛和E-2-己烯醛）在3 种葡萄中的含量相对较高;添加焦亚硫酸钠对“无核白”葡萄中的C6醛含量影响较大,其他成分含量变化不大;采后SO2处理3 种葡萄果实香气成分中的C6醛的含量均随着贮藏时间的延长而逐渐降低。     

Culinary herbs inhibit lipid oxidation in raw and cooked minced meat patties during storage

The effect of dried spices and the ethanol extract of those spices was studied on the stability of fresh chicken minced meat, and fresh and cooked pork patties pretreated with NaCl during refrigerated and frozen storage. The antioxidant activities of the spices were measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (POV) in meat samples. The lipid oxidation was effectively inhibited in the chicken meat treated with several dry spices diminishing the TBARS to a range of 32% and 83% of those found in the control samples in frozen stored meat for 6 months. Marjoram, wild marjoram and caraway were the most effective dry spices. Ethanolic extracts of the same spices were more potent as antioxidants by lowering the concentration of the TBARS to a range of 20–27% of those found in the control samples. Addition of sodium salt to the minced pork resulted very high concentrations of the oxidation products originated from the polyunsaturated fatty acids. The treatment with ethanolic extract of spices (sage, basil, thyme and ginger) significantly inhibited the lipid peroxidation in refrigerated and chilled pork patties pretreated with NaCl by reducing both POV and TBARS. Heat treatment with microwaves produced significantly elevated levels of both lipid peroxides and TBARS, but the amount of these oxidation products was less than 10% in spice‐treated salted meat samples compared to that in untreated ones. Lipid peroxidation also grew continuously during the storage period at −18°C in raw and cooked samples. Ethanolic extracts of spices had a very strong antioxidative effect inhibiting lipid peroxidation in heat‐treated meat products during frozen storage. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the case of ginger. High correlation coefficients were found between TBARS and POV both in raw and cooked pork patties (0.86, 0.91, respectively) during frozen storage. It is supposed that these compounds originated from the polyunsaturated fatty acids during oxidation processes but at different stages. Utilization of spices, spice mixtures or spice extracts in semi‐prepared meat products intended to be frozen for up to 6 months or more before consumption is proved to be advantageous in regard of shelf life of the food, as well as of human health, because of the beneficial effect of spices in inhibition of lipid peroxidation during heat treatment and chilling storage. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

A critical examination of some experimental variables in the 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test for lipid oxidation in meat products

By comparison of various procedures for the determination of TBARS (2-thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances) in non-cured meat samples, it was found that a direct extraction procedure with trichloroacetic acid gave significantly higher reaction yields than a rapid Kjeltec steam distillation procedure (50 ml distillate in 2.5 min). When optimizing the distillation procedure with regard to distillation principle (heating by thermal conductivity or steam injection) and rate, the reaction yield was more affected by changes in distillation principle than by changes in distillation rate. Simple distillation (conduction heating) yielded significantly higher TBA values than steam distillation at the same distillation rate. The reproducibility of the distillation procedure was found to be about 5–10 times poorer than of the extraction procedure and, because of the high reaction yields and robustness of the extraction procedure, the use of the extraction procedure is recommended with food matrices such as non-cured meat samples with less than 14–18% fat and no artificial colorants.     

纳米TiO_2—两性淀粉对脱墨浆新闻纸抄造过程中DCS去除的研究

研究了两性淀粉(AmS)、纳米TiO2单元体系、纳米TiO2-AmS双元体系、阳离子淀粉(CS)/阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)/阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(APAM)三元体系对全脱墨浆(DIP)的动态絮聚作用,并考察这几种助留助滤体系在白水循环使用情况下,对抄造纸页部分性能及白水中DCS去除效果的影响.动态絮聚实验表明:AmS单元体系几乎没有去除DCS的作用,增大用量还会使体系的DCS残留量更高;纳米TiO2单元体系有一定的DCS去除效果; TiO2-AmS双元体系不仅提高了DCS的去除效果,还降低试剂用量,当其用量为0.16%(TiO2)-0.4%(AmS)时,DCS的去除率达到50%以上;三元体系的助留助滤效果较好,但是DCS的去除效果一般.白水循环使用抄纸实验表明:纳米TiO2-AmS体系对残余油墨的捕集能力最强,对DCS的去除效果也最好,在白水循环抄纸进行到22次时,DCS的富集量达到平衡,白水离心处理后CODCr值为43 mg/L左右,较好抑制了DCS的进一步富集;三元体系在循环进行到52次时,其离心处理后白水CODCr值稳定在65 mg/L左右.     

HPLC测定硫酸阿托品滴眼液的含量和有关物质

目的建立HPLC测定硫酸阿托品滴眼液的含量和有关物质的方法。方法采用C18柱,磷酸缓冲液-甲醇(85:15)为流动相,检测波长206nm。结果硫酸阿托品浓度在25.98～519.5μg·mL-1之间与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.99999),最低检出限8.25ng,平均回收率99.71%,RSD0.30%。结论此法准确度、精密度好,可用于测定硫酸阿托品滴眼液的含量和有关物质。     

大豆浓缩磷脂组成研究

该文综述关于大豆浓缩磷脂组成研究现状,对磷脂类物质,特别对伴随物质组成进行详细分析,指出影响浓缩磷脂己烷不溶物和色泽可能原因,对制备食品级浓缩磷脂和粉末磷脂方法选择提供一些理论依据,有利于分析食品级浓缩磷脂和粉末磷脂生产过程中一些物质变化。     

Identification of the compound in a potent cranberry juice extract that inhibits lipid oxidation in comminuted muscle

An extract prepared from cranberry juice powder using a mixture of chloroform and methanol was particularly effective at inhibiting lipid oxidation in mechanically separated turkey (MST), providing more than 3 weeks of additional stability during −4 °C storage at a usage level of 0.1% (wet weight basis). The chloroform extract was fractionated by flash chromatography (FC) and analysed using reverse-phased high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with UV/vis diode array detection to identify the component(s) present in the fractions. One of the five fractions obtained was effective in delaying the formation of lipid peroxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in MST, while the remaining fractions had little to no inhibitory action. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis indicated the presence of two flavonols, quercetin and quercetin-3-O-(6″-benzoyl)-β-galactoside in the inhibitory fraction. This fraction (containing quercetin at 467 μmol/kg MST) inhibited lipid oxidation in MST similarly to pure quercetin added to MST at the same concentration. This indicated that quercetin accounted for all or nearly all of the inhibitory capacity in the chloroform extract.     

Effect of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides administration on blood lipid metabolism and oxidative stress of mice fed high-fat diet in vivo

Epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested that high dietary fat intake of mice is associated with many physically degenerative diseases. Since oxidative stress and abnormal lipid metabolism have been speculated to be critical mechanisms underlying degenerative diseases, we hypothesized that a high-fat (HF) diet might induce oxidative stress or lipid oxidation and subsequently contribute to the high risk of some diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ones. To test this hypothesis, male kunming mice were placed on either a HF diet or a normal laboratory diet for 30 consecutive days. This investigation demonstrated that blood fat [low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TAG), high density lipoprotein (HDL)], blood sugar (blood glucose and liver glycogen) and oxidative stress (activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of non-enzymic antioxidants) of mice fed high-fat diet (group II) were significantly increased or decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) when compared with the control group (I). The present study revealed that HF diet induced oxidative stress and provided novel evidence regarding the link between high dietary fat and increased risk of degenerative diseases. The administration of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides did not show any effect on the body weight of the experimental mice, but significantly decreased the levels of LDL, TC, TAG, blood glucose and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) or increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) when compared with mice in HF group (II). These findings were further supported by significantly increased non-enzymic antioxidants levels (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), suggesting that L. barbarum polysaccharides showed a noticeable inhibition against lipid oxidation induced by free radicals caused by HF diet intake (groups III, IV, V) on the basis of their antioxidant activities.     

稀释水对助留剂效率的影响

为保证造纸化学品计量准确并很好地和纸浆悬浮液混合，常需消耗大量清水稀释成稀溶液，为减少水耗可以用循环水，供水中最有害的杂质是阴离子高分子量物质，会大大减少助留剂的效率，甚至使它们完全失效。