婴儿服装的舒适性设计

从服装舒适性的角度出发，结合婴儿的生理特点，论述了如何在面料、款式和工艺方法上进行婴儿服装的舒适性设计。     

婴幼儿健齿食品生产工艺的研究

以面粉、食盐、酵母、脱脂奶粉、碳酸钙等为原料,经过和面、压片、成形、醒发、烘烤等工艺,加工成了一种适合婴幼儿长牙或换牙期间使用的健齿食品.以感观评价值、硬度值为指标,通过正交试验,确定了最佳生产工艺,并对产品的主要质量指标进行了测定.     

母乳中宏量营养成分含量与新生儿相关因素的分析

实验采用队列研究的方法,收集华北地区和中南地区共四个城市乳母分娩后3~5 d、12~14 d、1月、2月、3月、4月和6月的母乳,测定中国现阶段健康乳母不同泌乳阶段母乳中脂肪、总蛋白质、乳糖、干物质、总能量和真蛋白质等宏量营养成分的动态变化,同时研究分娩方式和婴儿性别与各宏量营养成分之间的关系。母乳中宏量营养成分含量的测定采用MIRIS HMA母乳分析仪。结果表明初乳中顺产组的母乳中总蛋白质和真蛋白质含量显著高于剖宫产组的(p<0.05),过渡乳中脂肪、总蛋白质、乳糖、干物质、总能量和真蛋白质等宏量营养成分含量在顺产、剖宫产两组间均无显著性差异(p>0.05),成熟乳(6月时)中剖宫产组的母乳中乳糖和干物质含量显著高于顺产组的(p<0.05)。此外,初乳和过渡乳中脂肪、总蛋白质、乳糖、干物质、总能量和真蛋白质等宏量营养成分含量在男孩、女孩两组间均无显著性差异(p>0.05),但是成熟乳中女孩组3月时的母乳中脂肪和总能量含量,4月时的总蛋白质和真蛋白质含量显著高于男孩组的(p<0.05)。不同分娩方式及婴儿性别对母乳中宏量营养成分的含量有一定影响。      

LC–MS/MS multi-method for mycotoxins after single extraction,with validation data for peanut,pistachio, wheat,maize, cornflakes,raisins and figs

Mycotoxin analysis is usually carried out by high performance liquid chromatography after immunoaffinity column cleanup or in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. These methods normally involve determination of single compounds only. EU legislation already exists for the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and patulin in food, and legislation will come into force for deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and the fumonisins in 2007. To enforce the various legal limits, it would be preferable to determine all mycotoxins by routine analysis in different types of matrices in one single extract. This would also be advantageous for HACCP control purposes. For this reason, a multi-method was developed with which 33 mycotoxins in various products could be analysed simultaneously. The mycotoxins were extracted with an acetonitrile/water mixture, diluted with water and then directly injected into a LC–MS/MS system. The mycotoxins were separated by reversed-phase HPLC and detected using an electrospray ionisation interface (ESI) and tandem MS, using MRM in the positive ion mode, to increase specificity for quality control. The following mycotoxins could be analysed in a single 30-min run: Aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, α-zearalenol, α-zearalanol, β-zearalanol, sterigmatocystin, cyclopiazonic acid, penicillic acid, fumonisins B₁, B₂ and B₃, diacetoxyscirpenol, 3- and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, zearalanone, ergotamin, ergocornin, ergocristin, α-ergocryptin, citrinin, roquefortin C, fusarenone X, nivalenol, mycophenolic acid, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether. The limit of quantification for the aflatoxins and ochratoxin A was 1.0 µg kg^?1 and for deoxynivalenol 50 µg kg^?1. The quantification limits for the other mycotoxins were in the range 10–200 µg kg^?1. The matrix effect and validation data are presented for between 13 and 24 mycotoxins in peanuts, pistachios, wheat, maize, cornflakes, raisins and figs. The method has been compared with the official EU method for the determination of aflatoxins in food and relevant FAPAS rounds. The multi-mycotoxin method has been proven by the detection of more than one mycotoxin in maize, buckwheat, figs and nuts. The LC–MS/MS technique has also been applied to baby food, which is subject to lower limits for aflatoxin B₁ and ochratoxin A, ergot alkaloids in naturally contaminated rye and freeze-dried silage samples.     

用中子活化分析法研究产妇及其新生儿发中汞含量的相关性

以人发作“监示器”，用中子活化法分析了２７对北京海淀区产妇、婴儿发样中的汞含量，以研究汞在孕妇体内的转移及在新生儿体内的蓄积。发现婴儿发汞与母亲发汞呈显著线性正相关（ｒ＝＋０．８５６，Ｐ＜０．００１）；婴儿发汞平均值比母亲发汞值高１２％；母亲发汞有随怀孕时间的增加而逐渐降低的趋势。     

Production of senescent cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by centrifugal elutriation

The centrifugal elutriator has been used as a baby machine by loading the chamber with a population of mixed-generation daughter cells and allowing this population to grow, divide and age under continuous washing-out of newborn daughter cells. Clear peaks in the number of elutriated cells were reproducibly obtained for at least ten generations. The parent cells growing in the chamber continued to divide at the steady-state generation time of 95–100 min, showing no change in cycle time during aging. The washed-out daughter cells increased in volume during the first five generations from their steady-state value of 17 μm³ to a maximum of 34 μm³. As to be expected, the generation times of these large daughters, determined in a synchronous batch culture, were shorter (130 min) than that of the steady-state daughters (240 min), even when derived from 15-generation parents. No indication for a volume increase of daughter cells without bud was observed when a population was allowed to grow in the chamber without washing-out the smaller daughter cells. The 15-generation parent population, recovered from the chamber, had an average volume of 80 μm³ and consisted of: (i) 71% cells with more than ten scars, (ii) 13% cells with one to nine scars, and (iii) 17% daughter cells. The production of senescent cells by undisturbed growth in the elutriator chamber has been prolonged to 29 generations. The method is therefore suitable to examine what factors determine the life span of budding yeast.     

儿童(幼儿)化妆品——一个潜在的化妆品市场

随着人们生活水平的提高和儿童家长在美学和心理上对儿童的要求欲望的增长 ,一方面儿童化妆品正形成一个潜在的市场 ;另一方面人们对儿童化妆品提出了更高的要求。     

High‐Pressure Thermal Sterilization: Food Safety and Food Quality of Baby Food Puree

The benefits that high‐pressure thermal sterilization offers as an emerging technology could be used to produce a better overall food quality. Due to shorter dwell times and lower thermal load applied to the product in comparison to the thermal retorting, lower numbers and quantities of unwanted food processing contaminants (FPCs), for example, furan, acrylamide, HMF, and MCPD‐esters could be formed. Two spore strains were used to test the technique; Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, over the temperature range 90 to 121 °C at 600 MPa. The treatments were carried out in baby food puree and ACES‐buffer. The treatments at 90 and 105 °C showed that G. stearothermophilus is more pressure‐sensitive than B. amyloliquefaciens. The formation of FPCs was monitored during the sterilization process and compared to the amounts found in retorted samples of the same food. The amounts of furan could be reduced between 81% to 96% in comparison to retorting for the tested temperature pressure combination even at sterilization conditions of F₀‐value in 7 min.