山西老陈醋源凝结芽孢杆菌VP4细菌素在冷鲜羊肉保藏中的应用

从山西老陈醋醋醅中筛选出一株具有强抑菌活性的凝结芽孢杆菌VP4,通过排除有机酸、过氧化氢的干扰试验以及蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶水解试验,证明该菌株产生的抑菌活性物质具有蛋白质性质,是一种细菌素.该细菌素在pH 2～10范围内抑菌效果稳定;在121℃处理60 min后,仍保留约70％的活性,稳定性较好.将VP4细菌素应用在冷鲜...     

A novel bacteriocin against Staphylococcus aureus from Lactobacillus paracasei isolated from Yunnan traditional fermented yogurt: Purification,antibacterial characterization,and antibiofilm activity

Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilm have emerged as a significant threat to the safety of dairy products. In recent years, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) bacteriocins have been widely acknowledged as the potential natural antibacterial substance in food biopreservation due to their excellent antibacterial effects. However, few LAB bacteriocins with antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. aureus have been reported in dairy products. In the present study, a novel bacteriocin LSX01 of Lactobacillus paracasei LS-6 isolated from a traditional fermented yogurt produced in Yunnan, China, was purified and characterized extensively. The LSX01 possessed a molecular weight of 967.49 Da and an AA sequence of LDQAGISYT. The minimum inhibitory concentration of LSX01 against S. aureus_45 was 16.90 μg/mL, which was close to or lower than the previously reported bacteriocins. The LSX01 exhibited an extensive antimicrobial spectrum against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, LSX01 exhibited excellent tolerance to heat and acid-base treatments, and sensitivity to the proteolytic enzymes, such as pepsin and proteinase K. Furthermore, the treatment of S. aureus_45 planktonic cells with LSX01 significantly reduced their metabolic activity and disrupted the cell membrane integrity. Scan electron microscopy results demonstrated that LSX01 induced cytoplasmic content leakage and cell deformation. Additionally, biofilm formation of S. aureus_45 was also significantly inhibited by LSX01. Overall, the results suggested that the novel LAB bacteriocin LSX01 possessed antibacterial activity and antibiofilm activity against S. aureus and, hence, could have potential for improving safety of dairy products.     

Combating biofilms of foodborne pathogens with bacteriocins by lactic acid bacteria in the food industry

Most foodborne pathogens have biofilm-forming capacity and prefer to grow in the form of biofilms. Presence of biofilms on food contact surfaces can lead to persistence of pathogens and the recurrent cross-contamination of food products, resulting in serious problems associated with food safety and economic losses. Resistance of biofilm cells to conventional sanitizers urges the development of natural alternatives to effectively inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate preformed biofilms. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce bacteriocins which are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides, providing a great source of nature antimicrobials with the advantages of green and safe properties. Studies on biofilm control by newly identified bacteriocins are increasing, targeting primarily onListeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. This review systematically complies and assesses the antibiofilm property of LAB bacteriocins in controlling foodborne bacterial-biofilms on food contact surfaces. The bacteriocin-producing LAB genera/species, test method (inhibition and eradication), activity spectrum and surfaces are discussed, and the antibiofilm mechanisms are also argued. The findings indicate that bacteriocins can effectively inhibit biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, but are difficult to disrupt preformed biofilms. Synergistic combination with other antimicrobials, incorporation in nanoconjugates and implementation of bioengineering can help to strengthen their antibiofilm activity. This review provides an overview of the potential and application of LAB bacteriocins in combating bacterial biofilms in food processing environments, assisting in the development and widespread use of bacteriocin as a promising antibiofilm-agent in food industries.     

传统牦牛酸奶中产细菌素乳酸菌的筛选及鉴定

采用溶钙圈法对来自青海海南藏族自治区、四川阿坝、甘孜理塘的牦牛酸奶样品的菌株进行分离筛选，采用形态学观察和16S rRNA序列分析进行鉴定；测定筛选菌株上清液对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）抑菌活性；考察筛选菌株上清液对蛋白酶的耐受性及对抗生素的敏感性，并确定细菌素种类。结果表明，共分离筛选出6株菌（编号为A1～A2及G1～G4），其中菌株A1～A2被鉴定为嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophilus），菌株G1～G4被鉴定为屎肠球菌（Enterococcus faecium）；菌株G3对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径＞20 mm，且对蛋白酶不耐受，表明该菌株产细菌素，对常见抗生素敏感，经细菌素基因鉴定证实，该菌株产肠球菌素A和肠球菌素P。综上，菌株G3可作为产细菌素益生菌的候选菌株。     

Bacillus pumilus 15.1, a Strain Active against Ceratitis capitata,Contains a Novel Phage and a Phage-Related Particle with Bacteriocin Activity

A 98.1 Kb genomic region from B. pumilus 15.1, a strain isolated as an entomopathogen toward C. capitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly, has been characterised in search of potential virulence factors. The 98.1 Kb region shows a high number of phage-related protein-coding ORFs. Two regions with different phylogenetic origins, one with 28.7 Kb in size, highly conserved in Bacillus strains, and one with 60.2 Kb in size, scarcely found in Bacillus genomes are differentiated. The content of each region is thoroughly characterised using comparative studies. This study demonstrates that these two regions are responsible for the production, after mitomycin induction, of a phage-like particle that packages DNA from the host bacterium and a novel phage for B. pumilus, respectively. Both the phage-like particles and the novel phage are observed and characterised by TEM, and some of their structural proteins are identified by protein fingerprinting. In addition, it is found that the phage-like particle shows bacteriocin activity toward other B. pumilus strains. The effect of the phage-like particles and the phage in the toxicity of the strain toward C. capitata is also evaluated.     

白酒生产中乳酸菌的分布及主要代谢产物

乳酸菌是发酵产乳酸的一类革兰氏阳性菌,是大曲中的主要微生物菌系,对大曲中酯的形成是有利的,但在有些香型白酒(如清香、浓香型白酒)酿造中要控制或降低乳酸菌的作用.该文介绍了白酒生产中乳酸菌的分布,乳酸菌所产主要代谢产物的代谢途径及其对白酒的影响.     

1株产广谱细菌素乳酸菌的筛选及其抑菌物质的特性

从植物性材料中筛选到1株对大肠杆菌有明显抑制作用的乳酸菌,在排除有机酸和过氧化氢的干扰后,该菌株的发酵上清液仍有较强的抑菌性;胃蛋白酶处理后,抑菌活性明显降低,说明其抑菌物质为蛋白质类物质,是一种细菌素。通过形态学和生理生化分析,初步鉴定该菌株为植物乳杆菌。生物学特性研究表明,该菌株发酵上清液经高温、吐温-80、SDS、EDTA处理后,仍保持较好的抑菌活性;在酸性条件下稳定;对蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶较胃蛋白酶敏感。抑菌谱显示,该菌株的发酵上清液具有广谱抑菌性。     

群体感应系统在乳酸菌产细菌素中的作用

许多乳酸菌能够产生抗菌活性肽——细菌素,细菌素具有不同的结构、作用方式、抑菌谱和效价,通常认为乳酸菌和其所产的细菌素都是安全的,乳酸菌所产细菌素作为天然食品防腐剂已显示了巨大的潜能。基于群体感应的细胞间交流已成为细菌素合成的关键调控机制,群体感应作为细胞密度函数,可使细菌素产生保持同步性。群体感应需通过信号分子介导感知菌体密度,信号分子随着菌体密度增加而增加,并激活信号转导级联使菌体产生细菌素。本文通过对乳酸菌群体感应信号分子种类、信号转导机制及群体感应系统对两类细菌素合成的调控进行综述,以初步了解群体感应系统在乳酸菌产细菌素过程中的作用机制。     

Probiotics and Its Functionally Valuable Products—A Review

During the past two decades probiotic bacteria have been increasingly proposed as health promoting bacteria in variety of food system, because of its safety, functional, and technological characteristics. Commonly, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Saccharomyces boulardii, and some other microorganisms have been considered as probiotic strains. Possibly these bacterial strains exerted several beneficial effects into gastrointestinal tract of host while administered with variety of food system. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) usually produce antimicrobial substances like bacteriocin which have broad spectrum of antagonist effect against closely related Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens. LAB strains often produce polymeric substances such as exopolysaccharides (EPS) which increase the colonization of probiotic bacteria by cell–cell interactions in gastrointestinal tract. LAB also produces biosurfactant which showed that the wide range of antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogen as well as its antiadhesive properties reduces the adhesion of pathogens into gastric wall membrane. Furthermore, LAB strains have also been reported for production of antioxidants which are ability to scavenge the free radicals such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. For this sense, this review article is mainly focused on the ecology, biosynthesis, genetics, target sites, and applications of bacteriocins and EPS from LAB strains. Moreover, this review discusses about the production and functions of nutritive essential element folate and iron chelating agent such as siderophores from LAB.     

Statistical Optimization of Culture Components for Enhanced Bacteriocin Production by Lactobacillus plantarum LR/14

Statistical optimization of bacteriocin production by a natural isolate of Lactobacillus plantarum LR/14 was carried out in TGYE medium at 37°C and 200 rpm for 20h. In the first step of optimization using Plackett-Burman design, yeast extract, glucose and incubation period were identified as the most important factors for bacteriocin production. These factors were further optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) to understand their interaction and to determine their optimal levels. Results indicated that the maximum bacteriocin production was achieved in a medium containing glucose 2.0% and yeast extract 2.5%, and after an incubation period of 20h. An overall approximatley eightfold improvement in bacteriocin production was achieved as a result of optimization. These results indicated the importance of statistical tools in designing culture conditions for enhancing the production of bacteriocin from L. plantarum LR/14. Such an improved production will facilitate the application of bacteriocin, especially in food preservation.