反应工程方法在锂电池真空干燥模拟上的应用

锂离子电池注液之前的真空干燥,对于电芯的循环性能、安全性、稳定性有极其重要的影响。电芯结构设计、材料体系、烘箱尺寸等的不同会导致真空干燥过程存在差异。反应工程方法(REA)在常压、高初始水含量的对流干燥模拟预测上已有广泛应用,本研究将REA干燥理论应用于真空、低初始水含量的干燥过程仿真,发现与实验结果匹配良好。同时考虑了电芯气袋与烘箱环境湿度变化对干燥过程的影响,水含量预测偏差小于10%,利用单因子仿真实验所总结的规律能用于指导锂电池真空干燥工艺的改善。介绍了该模型在生产中的应用情况,也表明REA将在锂电池真空干燥预测上有很好的工业应用前景。     

阳极焙烧炉火道数值模拟研究

根据阳极焙烧炉火道内的热工过程,建立了相应的数值仿真模型。运用Fluent软件对焙烧炉火道进行了数值模拟计算,研究了火道内的温度场、流场、浓度场的分布规律。计算结果表明,火道内的挡墙和挡砖对火道内的温度场、流场分布影响很大。     

中间包热状态分析及烘烤工艺优化

 为研究中间包的热状态,开发了计算机数字采样测温系统。依据测温系统对中间包包衬的温度测试结果,分析中间包包衬在干燥、烘烤和浇注几个阶段的热状态,在保证中间包壁耐火材料不发生烘烤裂纹的前提下,从加热时间、煤气耗量、中间包烘烤效果、连铸过程中包内钢水温度波动等几个方面进行研究,实现了中间包烘烤工艺曲线的优化。     

橄榄二酯油烘焙苏打饼干中3-氯丙醇酯、缩水甘油酯产生规律及其质构分析

以橄榄甘油二酯油为原料,制作苏打饼干,考察甘油二酯（diglycerides,DAG）含量、烘焙温度、盐添加量、烘焙时间对饼干中3-氯丙醇酯（3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters,3-MCPDE）和缩水甘油酯（glycidyl esters,GE）及饼干硬度和黏度的影响。结果表明,苏打饼干中3-MCPDE和GE的最高含量分别为1.05 mg/kg和0.37 mg/kg,且烘焙过程中3-MCPDE含量与烘焙温度和盐添加量呈正相关,在170℃以上时GE含量随烘焙温度升高而增加。但烘焙时间和DAG质量分数对3-MCPDE和GE的产生无显著影响（P>0.05）。综上,橄榄甘油二酯油应用于烘焙苏打饼干具有良好的安全性和改善产品质构的效果,同时控制烘焙温度和盐添加量能在一定程度降低苏打饼干中3-MCPDE和GE的含量。     

Aquafaba,wastewater from chickpea canning,functions as an egg replacer in sponge cake

Aquafaba, the viscous liquid resulting from cooking chickpeas in water is typically discarded. However, this solution is now widely used by the vegan community as an egg replacement that adds texture to food products, such as mayonnaise, pudding, ice cream and baked goods. Sponge cake was prepared with either egg white or aquafaba derived from ten different brands of canned chickpea and the texture and colour were compared. Aquafaba obtained from each chickpea can produced foam which differed in both properties and stability. In addition, aquafaba from some brands provided comparable foam volume and stability to that achieved with egg white. The colour and texture of sponge cake made with either egg white or aquafaba were similar and acceptable, but cakes prepared with aquafaba were less springy, and less cohesive than cake that included egg white. Based on our results, it appears that aquafaba has potential to replace egg white in eggless cake recipes.     

Changes in ochratoxin A and type B trichothecenes contained in wheat flour during dough fermentation and bread-baking

Ochratoxin A (OTA) and type B trichothecenes are mycotoxins that occur frequently in cereals and thus can be found in cereal by-products such as bread. The aim of this work was to study the variation of the levels of OTA, deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and nivalenol (NIV) during the bread-making process. This was done by using wheat flour spiked with different levels of toxins. Mycotoxin levels were controlled after fermentation of the dough with yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and after further baking at different temperature–time combinations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the results showed a significant reduction in OTA level (p < 0.05) during fermentation of the dough. The reduction ranged between 29.8% and 33.5%, depending on the initial concentration of toxin in the flour. During this period, the level of the other mycotoxins studied was not modified. By contrast, in the baking phase there were significant changes in the levels of the four mycotoxins, although the reduction was similar under all the baking conditions. Considering all the temperature–time conditions tested, it can be concluded that during the baking period the average reduction of OTA, NIV, 3-ADON, and DON was 32.9%, 76.9%, 65.6%, and 47.9%, respectively.     

应用模糊聚类对50种小麦粉质与面包烘焙品质间关系初探

本文在粮食科学中使用模糊聚类方法,初步探讨了小麦粉质与面包烘焙品质间的内在联系。文中将面粉常用测试指标体系划分为同步、交叉、简约三种类型,讨论了优化代表性指标体系的原则,提出了几种优选面包用小麦品种的方法。     

涤纶纺织品真空蒸镀法金属整理的研究

研究涤纶纺织品金属整理的方法，在密闭的真空工作室中，使金属银在瞬间高温作用下激发成气态，并以银原子形式自由沉降在涤纶织物上，形成功能性的金属微细颗粒．通过扫描电镜观察了织物上银的沉积层的形貌特征，通过XPS测试分析了银的化学形式．其耐洗性能和抗紫外线性能测试研究表明，蒸镀后高温烘培处理可有效改善其耐久性能。     

试论外语教师的基本素质

外语教师肩负着培养社会高素质外语人才的重任,他们的品德、个性、知识、才能、感情与意志对学生有着直接的影响。因此,外语教师自身必须具备崇高的思想境界、全面的外语技能、深厚的教学理论、强烈的创新意识、较强的科研能力、一定的表演才能、良好的心理素质、必要的现代教育技术等基本的素质条件。     

高迁移率GaAs外延片制备的研究

提出了在ＧａＡｓ液相外延过程中，采用生长高纯度缓冲层、高温烘烤生长系统以及回熔衬底片等工艺，获得具有电参数ｎ＝１０１６～１０１７ｃｍ－３，μ＝４～５×１０３ｃｍ２／ｖ·ｓ（３００Ｋ）的ＧａＡｓ液相外延片．总结出生长高迁移率ＧａＡｓ外延片的制备方法．