基于超声波衰减效应的悬移质粒径分布反演

粒径分布是两相流的一项重要参数,为了实现其准确快速的测量,本文提出了一种超声波衰减效应与人工蜂群反演算法相结合的粒径分布测量方法。设计了基于聚焦式超声波传感器的悬移质参数测量系统,用于获得超声衰减信号并得到有效的实验衰减系数。根据理论声衰减模型求得理论衰减系数,构造理论衰减系数与实验衰减系数的误差函数作为目标函数。引入人工蜂群算法,优化目标函数,通过反演获得最优粒径分布。实验分别对三种不同分布的悬移质样本进行测量并采用筛分法作为对照实验,进行误差因素分析。结果表明,在实验范围内,该方法有较高的可行性与准确性,可为自由水体中悬移质粒径分布的测量提供一条新的思路。     

一种改进的人工蜂群配电网状态估计方法

针对配电网状态估计模型的计算量大、精度低以及数值计算不稳定等问题,提出一种改进的基于人工蜂群算法的配电网状态估计方法。首先,根据网络拓扑结构和量测配置,建立配电网状态估计的目标函数;然后,采用人工蜂群算法对目标函数进行优化求解;最后构造当前最优解的适应度函数,以此作为迭代终止准则的判定条件,以更高的效率获得全局最优解。采用中国电力科学研究院搭建的16节点系统开展了大量的实验,结果表明本文方法可以有效地估计节点电压的幅值和相位。不仅如此,在收敛速度上也比现有的人工蜂群算法提高一倍,并且平均绝对误差比加权最小二乘法和等效功率变换法分别减小60%和50%。     

Generation scheduling in smart grid environment using global best artificial bee colony algorithm

Generation scheduling is an important concern of the current power system which is suffering from many obstacles of limited generation resources, grown energy demand and fuel price, inconsistent load demand and fluctuations of available wind power in case of the thermal–wind system. Smart grid system has a great potential of tumbling existing power system difficulties with intelligent infrastructure and computation technologies. Three different distributed energy resources, namely, distributed generation, demand response and gridable vehicles are used in this paper to overcome the power system hitches. The classical generation scheduling is solved with insertion of the cost of demand response and the cost model pertaining to underestimation and overestimation of fluctuating wind power. The modified optimization problem is solved using an efficient Global best artificial bee colony algorithm for 10 generating units test system. Generation scheduling in the smart grid environment yields a significant reduction in the total cost.     

Cytological Observations and Bulked-Segregant Analysis Coupled Global Genome Sequencing Reveal Two Genes Associated with Pollen Fertility in Tetraploid Rice

Neo-tetraploid rice with high fertility is a useful germplasm for polyploid rice breeding, which was developed from the crossing of different autotetraploid rice lines. However, little information is available on the molecular mechanism underlying the fertility of neo-tetraploid rice. Here, two contrasting populations of tetraploid rice, including one with high fertility (hereafter referred to as JG) and another with low fertility (hereafter referred to as JD), were generated by crossing Huaduo 3 (H3), a high fertility neo-tetraploid rice that was developed by crossing Jackson-4x with 96025-4x, and Huajingxian74-4x (T452), a low fertility autotetraploid rice parent. Cytological, global genome sequencing-based bulked-segregant (BSA-seq) and CRISPR/Cas9 technology were employed to study the genes associated with pollen fertility in neo-tetraploid rice. The embryo sacs of JG and JD lines were normal; however, pollen fertility was low in JD, which led to scarce fertilization and low seed setting. Cytological observations displayed low pollen fertility (25.1%) and approximately 31.3 and 27.2% chromosome lagging at metaphase I and II, and 28.8 and 24.8% chromosome straggling at anaphase I and II in JD, respectively. BSA-seq of F_2–3 generations and RNA-seq of F₄ generation detected a common fragment, i.e., 18,915,234–19,500,000, at chromosome 7, which was comprised of 78 genes associated with fertility. Among 78 genes, 9 genes had been known to be involved in meiosis and pollen development. Two mutants ny1 (LOC_Os07g32406) and ny2 (LOC_Os07g32040) were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout in neo-tetraploid rice, and which exhibited low pollen fertility and abnormal chromosome behavior. Our study revealed that two unknown genes, LOC_Os07g32406 (NY1) and LOC_Os07g32040 (NY2) play an important role in pollen development of neo-tetraploid rice and provides a new perspective about the genetic mechanisms of fertility in polyploid rice.     

Antifeedant effects of proteinase inhibitors on feeding behaviors of adult western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)

Low-molecular-weight peptidyl proteinase inhibitors (PIs) including leupeptin, calpain inhibitor I, and calpeptin were found to be potent antifeedants for adult western corn rootworm (WCR) against the phagostimulation of cucurbitacin B (Cuc B) or a corn pollen extract (CPE). Leupeptin was the strongest (ED₅₀ = 0.36 and 0.55 nmol/disk for Cuc B and CPE, respectively) among PIs tested with an antifeedant potency much stronger than the steroid progesterone (ED₅₀ = 2.29 and 5.05 nmol/disk for Cuc B and CPE, respectively), but slightly less than the reference alkaloid, strychnine (ED₅₀ = 0.17 and 0.37 nmol/disk for Cuc B and CPE, respectively). All active PIs contain a di- or tripeptidyl aldehyde moiety, indicating that PIs exert their antifeedant effects by covalent interaction with putative sulfhydryl (SH) groups on taste receptors as do these PIs with cysteine proteinases. However, opposite inhibition potency against Cuc B versus CPE by two thiol-group reducing agents, DTT and L-cysteine, and the results with other cysteine-modifying reagents obscure the net functional role of SH groups at WCR taste chemoreceptors. Surprisingly, the model phagostimulant for diabroticites, Cuc B, was more easily counteracted by these feeding deterrents than the stimulants present in CPE. Three-dimensional structure–antifeedant relationships for the PIs suggest that a novel taste chemoreception mechanism exists for these peptidyl aldehydes or that they fit partially into a strychnine binding pocket on protein chemoreceptors. Favorable economic benefit may be achieved if PIs are discovered to be useful in adult WCR control, since both pre- and postingestive sites would be targeted.     

活性花粉酒的研制

采用糯米粉糖化液与经生物法破壁的蜂花粉按 2 0 :1混合 ,接入高活性产香酵母 0 .2 %及适量乳酸菌 ,于 2 7± 1℃下发酵 ,制得一种营养丰富、醇香浓郁的花粉酒     

松花粉冲剂和片剂保健食品的研制

通过对松花粉保健食品研制中一些技术问题进行试验，包括湿润剂和粘合剂选择，配方调配试验和润滑粉选择等，研究出最佳粘合剂、配方和润滑粉；采用先进的工艺流程，并进行正确的技术操作，研制出黑松和赤松花粉冲剂和片剂。     

蜜蜂GAP体系中引入风险评估的初探

本文旨在研究欧盟GAP标准体系,并在此基础上引入在农产品种植养殖环节仍待推广的HACCP原理,拟根据蜜蜂生产过程及食品安全的影响度,对危害发生的可能性、严重性及控制措施进行分类,以促进对我国蜜蜂良好农业规范的研究工作.     

不同品种蜂花粉总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性相关性的研究

为探究蜂花粉总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的相关性,以18种常见的蜂花粉为材料,测定总黄酮含量,采用高锰酸钾氧化时间测定法、磷钼酸法、DPPH自由基清除法、羟基自由基清除法评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明:18种蜂花粉总黄酮含量为3.470～14.306mg/g,且均具有一定的抗氧化活性。蜂花粉总黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除率相关系数最大为0.7780,表明总黄酮可能是蜂花粉清除DPPH自由基的主要活性成分之一。      

蜂花粉总黄酮含量的品种和产地差异

采用分光光度法对2008～2011年间采自国内23个省份的15个品种79个批次的蜂花粉中的总黄酮含量进行了测定。测定结果显示蜂花粉样品中的总黄酮含量在0.49%～3.49%之间。在15个品种中,油菜花蜂花粉总黄酮含量最高(平均达到3.15%),其次是玫瑰花蜂花粉和五味子花蜂花粉(平均达到2.20%和2.04%),总黄酮含量最低的是芝麻花蜂花粉(平均为0.52%)。统计分析表明产地和采集年份对蜂花粉总黄酮含量均有影响,但是就同一品种而言,其影响程度有限。如果不考虑品种和采集年份,总黄酮含量最高的是产自青海的蜂花粉(平均达到2.91%),其次是产自新疆的(平均达到2.55%),再其次是产自广东的(平均达到1.93%),产自黑龙江和海南的蜂花粉总黄酮含量最低(两者均为0.64%),但这种差别大多并无统计学意义。