应用球面对称设计优化两相体系生物转化合成5-氟尿苷

应用球面对称设计研究了水/有机溶剂两相体系对嘧啶核苷磷酸化酶基因工程菌生物转化合成5-氟尿苷的影响。结果表明,以30％(体积分数)DMSO为有机溶剂,当其体积比(以反应物总体积计)为30％、反应温度为55℃、反应时间为1 h、装液量为4 mL/50 mL时,5-氟尿嘧啶的转化率达75.7％,5-氟尿苷产量较单水相时提高...     

Activated Chemical Defense in Aplysina Sponges Revisited

Sponges of the genus Aplysina accumulate brominated isoxazoline alkaloids in concentrations that sometimes exceed 10% of their dry weight. We previously reported a decrease in concentrations of these compounds and a concomitant increase in concentrations of the monocyclic nitrogenous compounds aeroplysinin-1 and dienone in Aplysina aerophoba following injury of the sponge tissue. Further investigations indicated a wound-induced enzymatic cleavage of the former compounds into the latter, and demonstrated that these reactions also occur in other Aplysina sponges. A recent study on Caribbean Aplysina species, however, introduced doubt regarding the presence of a wound-induced bioconversion in sponges of this genus. This discrepancy motivated us to reinvestigate carefully the fate of brominated alkaloids in A. aerophoba and in other Aplysina sponges following mechanical injury. As a result of this study we conclude that (1) tissue damage induces a bioconversion of isoxazoline alkaloids into aeroplysinin-1 and dienone in Aplysina sponges, (2) this reaction is likely catalyzed by enzymes, and (3) it may be ecologically relevant as the bioconversion products possibly protect the wounded sponge tissue from invasion of bacterial pathogens.     

The significance of chemical markers in the bioprocessing of fossil fuels

Biochemical conversion of crude oils is a multi-step process proceeding through a series of biochemical reactions. These reactions can be characterized by a set of chemical markers which are associated with the chemical composition of crude oils. Reactions with heavy crude oils indicate that there is an overall decrease in the concentration and chemical speciation of organic sulfur compounds, and a redistribution of hydrocarbons and organometallic species. The contents of trace metals in the crude oils, such as nickel and vanadium, also decrease. Further, heavy ends of crudes, containing the asphaltenes and the polar nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen containing fractions, as well as the organometallic compounds and complexes, are biochemically converted to lower molecular weight chemical species. In the studies reported in this paper, microorganisms used to mediate such reactions were thermophilic ( > 60°C) and pressure tolerant (up to 2500 psi). These organisms are also capable of biochemical conversion of bituminous and lignite coals in an analogous manner to their action on crude oils and follow similar trends characterized by chemical markers. For example, X-ray absorption near-edge structural (XANES) analyses of biotreated crude oils and low grade coals show that biochemical reactions lead to decreases in organic sulfides and thiophenes with a concurrent increase in sulfoxide contents. Chemically related constituents present in heavy crude oil fractions and low grade coals are the asphaltenes. Asphaltenes are complex structures containing heteroatoms and metals involved in inter- and intra-molecular bridges and stereochemical configurations. The chemical markers associated with the biochemical conversion of oils and coals indicate multiple biochemical processes involving chemical reactions at sites containing heteroatoms and metals leading to a breakdown of the structure(s) to smaller molecular weight units. Thus, using chemical markers as diagnostic tools, the extent and the efficiency of fossil fuel bioconversion may be predicted and monitored, allowing for better cost-efficient field trials. Recent results in this area will be presented and discussed in this paper.     

高效液相色谱法测定肉桂醛生物转化体系中10种苯基香料

建立一种同时测定微生物转化肉桂醛体系中10种天然苯基香精香料(苯甲醇、苯甲醛、苯甲酸、苯乙醇、苯乙酮、肉桂醇、肉桂醛、肉桂酸、3-苯丙醇和3-苯丙醛)的高效液相色谱分析方法。试样经无水乙醇提取,离心,过滤后进样。色谱分析采用SunFireTMC18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇∶乙腈∶水∶冰醋酸=28.4∶18∶53.6∶0.04(体积比)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,紫外检测器检测。10种待测物在2.00 mg/L^318.60 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(0.9987≤R2≤0.9996),方法检出限(method detection limit,LOD,S/N=3)为0.36 mg/L^1.16 mg/L,在低、中、高3个加标水平下的平均回收率为92.13%~102.90%,RSD为0.62%~4.01%。该方法可用于微生物转化肉桂醛合成天然苯基香料的生物反应体系的成分分析,也可用于生物转化肉桂醛合成天然香料的菌种选育工作中。     

筒状单室不锈钢电极微生物燃料电池回收重金属铅可行性分析

以筒状单室不锈钢电极微生物燃料电池(MFC)为对象,研究了去除其其中铅的可行性. 结果表明,在批式条件下,当初始Pb2+浓度为40 mg/L、pH为4.0时,Pb2+去除速度和效率分别达0.53±0.06 mg/(L?h)和96.71%±1.35%,最终以碱式碳酸铅的形式回收Pb2+. Pb2+去除过程中首先在MFC作用下还原成单质铅,再因暴露在空气中转化为碱式碳酸铅,但该MFC的电化学性能相对较低,输出电压、功率密度和库仑效率只有30.62±1.04 mV, 8.20±0.24 mW/m2和5.92%±0.21%.     

利用胆固醇氧化酶转化胆固醇制备胆甾-4-烯-3-酮

用酶法催化氧化胆固醇制备胆甾-4-烯-3-酮相对于化学法合成具有反应简单、成本较低等优点.作者探讨了在正辛烷作为有机相的两相反应体系中,以胆固醇氧化酶催化氧化胆固醇制备胆甾-4-烯-3-酮的方法.在胆固醇质量浓度为40g/L,反应时间40min、反应温度40℃、磷酸缓冲液-正辛烷体积比32、通氧40L/h及搅拌转速300r/min下,胆固醇转化率达到92%,经薄板层析及紫外扫描,发现转化产物为单一的胆甾-4-烯-3-酮.     

生物质色素的微生物合成研究进展

生物质色素在来源的可持续性方面、在制备过程的环保性方面和所染色纺织品的生态性方面都远优于目前正在使用的合成染料。生物质色素是由生物体合成的色素物质,相比较植物和动物中提取色素,微生物色素在工业化应用方面更具潜力。选择几种重要生物质色素,对其微生物合成制备进行了综述,分析了色素物质生物合成所用前体、介绍了能进行色素合成的微生物种类、阐述了色素的生物合成途径及所用的酶、分析了色素微生物合成的效率和应用现状,并对色素微生物合成的前景进行了展望。     

环糊精促进Burkholderia cepacia转化胆固醇生成胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮

Burkholderia cepacia可转化胆固醇生成甾体激素药物前体。通过质谱、红外光谱、核磁共振光谱等技术鉴定出一种有较高医药用价值的转化产物为胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮,但胆固醇的疏水性导致其转化得率较低。添加环糊精提高目标产物的转化得率,并考察环糊精对细胞生长及底物包埋情况的影响。分别选取多种环糊精(与胆固醇的摩尔比为1∶1)添加到转化体系,结果表明,甲基-β-环糊精和羟乙基-β-环糊精对提高胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮摩尔转化得率效果显著,分别是对照组的27.55倍和37.95倍。进一步优化羟乙基-β-环糊精的添加比例,当其添加量与底物胆固醇的摩尔比为2∶1时,产物胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮转化得率是摩尔比为1∶1时的1.59倍。红外光谱表征2 mol羟乙基-β-环糊精与1 mol底物胆固醇的包结络合情况,发现2 mol的羟乙基-β-环糊精可有效对胆固醇甾核的A环、侧链的26-C和27-C进行包被,形成稳定的包结物。羟乙基-β-环糊精可有效包被底物胆固醇,进而提高产物胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮的产率,为微生物转化生产胆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮提供借鉴。