济南鹊华水厂深度处理改造工程设计及运行分析

济南鹊华水厂以引黄调蓄水库为水源,原水存在低浊高藻高臭味等问题,水厂原有工艺难以有效处理。为适应国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)要求,水厂将"混凝—沉淀—过滤—液氯消毒"工艺改造为"中置式高密度沉淀—臭氧催化氧化—上向流生物活性炭吸附—V型砂滤—液氯消毒"工艺,改造后的净水工艺对有机物、臭味等特征污染物去除效果明显,出厂水水质稳定达标。     

高效低耗活性炭水处理工艺设计方法的优化

介绍活性炭吸附工艺设计的基本步骤和方法,说明如何建立高效低耗的活性炭水处理工艺,并通过吸附容量实验与连续流穿透实验获得工艺设计的基本参数。以吸附性能指标选炭法、微型快速穿透实验及生物活性炭系统的案例,论述活性炭塔中生物活性炭现象、活性炭催化/降解功能以及再生炭应用等高效低耗的功效,以达到进一步降低活性炭水处理成本的目的。     

A comparison of models for predicting human response to hot and cold environments

Four influential models which make predictions of human response to hot or cold environments have been described and their predictions compared. The models considered were the Givoni and Goldman prediction equations. ISO/DIS 7933, the J. B. Pierce Lab. 2-node and the Stolwijk and Hardy 25-node models of human thermoregulation. The models integrate the important environmental variables, (air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air speed and relative humidity) with subject variables (insulation of clothing worn and metabolic heal production), in order to make predictions such as core and skin temperature response and allowable exposure times. The models' predictions have been compared for a range of hot and cold environments. This comparison has shown that while for some environments the models' predictions are similar, for other environments they are very different. These differences would result in different practical decisions being made. The models should be used with caution until further evaluation for. a wide range of subjects and environmental conditions has determined the accuracy of the models and for which environments they are most appropriate.     

废水生物处理技术及其研究进展

随着经济的快速发展和生活水平的逐渐提高,废水排放量也随之增多,造成的环境污染日趋严重.废水生物处理因其诸多优点而被广泛应用.本文综述了包括厌氧生物处理法、活性污泥法、生物膜法、氧化塘法等废水生物处理技术的原理、特点、分类和应用,介绍废水生物处理法的前沿动态、应用进展及发展趋势.     

裙带菜孢子多糖的体内抗氧化和免疫调节活性

采用D-半乳糖建立氧化损伤小鼠模型,考察了裙带菜孢子叶多糖对模型小鼠体内抗氧化能力和免疫调节能力的影响。结果表明,裙带菜孢子叶多糖能够增强小鼠血清和脑中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,有效降低丙二醛(MDA)水平;显著提高了氧化损伤小鼠胸腺和脾脏的相对量、淋巴细胞增殖活性、NK细胞杀伤活性和抗体生成能力。裙带菜孢子叶多糖具有良好的体内抗氧化活性和免疫调节活性,具有潜在开发利用价值。     

基于矿物晶体结构的铝土矿细菌浸矿机制研究

采用环状芽孢杆菌CGMCC12对5种含不同结构硅酸盐矿物的铝土矿样进行了生物脱硅研究.选用铝土矿中常见的橄榄石、高岭石、钾长石及河南铝土矿作为细菌溶蚀作用对象,采用电镜及XRD衍射技术,研究细菌对它们的分解作用差异.结果表明:浸矿12d,细菌对橄榄石、高岭石及石英型铝土矿脱硅作用显著,铝硅比(A/S)分别从7.12,6.11,2.89提高到16.15,11.61,13.56,而对钾长石型铝土矿及河南铝土矿脱硅效果较差,A/S分别从3.69和4.90仅提高到4.64和7.30;细菌对试验用硅酸盐矿物的溶蚀破坏作用由易至难依次为橄榄石、高岭石、钾长石;在细菌作用下,橄榄石向水镁石与石英转化,钾长石向伊利石转化,高岭石向水铝石与石英转化;多种矿物同时存在的情况下,细菌对不同晶体结构的硅酸盐矿物的分解有一定的选择性,对较易分解的矿物破坏作用较快,细菌会优先选择分解含Fe,Ca等生命元素的赤铁矿与方解石等矿物.     

仿生凹坑与纳米碳化硅/镍基复合镀层耦合表面的磨损性能

为了探讨凹坑形态与纳米碳化硅/镍基复合镀层耦合表面的磨损性能,采用激光技术和电沉积技术制备了由凹坑形态和纳米碳化硅/镍基复合镀层构成的仿生耦合表面,并进行了摩擦和磨损试验。结果表明,仿生耦合表面的磨损性能高于单纯复合镀层的磨损性能;随着磨损载荷的增加和磨损时间的延长,试样表面磨损机制由以塑性磨损为主逐渐转变成以粘着磨损、磨粒磨损为主的磨损机制。     

蛋白质组学元数据仓库的管理与维护

在针对生物数据源具有的分布、异构和动态等特性下,建立的蛋白质组学元数据仓库的基础上,本文给出了删除元数据的方法,以及解决了由于删除元数据和生物数据源更新而带来的元仓库中元数据的变化,而引起的用户模式与元数据的映射不匹配等问题。     

ICEAS工艺下污水处理厂的节能控制问题研究

综述了应用于国内外污水处理系统中的各种类型的控制模式和自控系统的特点,并结合污水处理厂ICEAS工艺的特点,研究确定了该厂的节能控制策略。该策略以学习控制为基础,既能够有效地降低能耗,又减少了系统对昂贵的在线仪表的过度依赖。在此基础上进行了软硬件的设计。     

Field-Testing of Methyl Salicylate for Recruitment and Retention of Beneficial Insects in Grapes and Hops

Evidence for recruitment and retention of beneficial insects in grapes and hops using controlled-release dispensers of methyl salicylate (MeSA), a component of herbivore-induced volatile blends, is presented. In a replicated experiment conducted in a juice grape vineyard, sticky cards in blocks baited with MeSA captured significantly greater numbers of five species of predatory insects (Chrysopa nigricornis, Hemerobius sp., Deraeocoris brevis, Stethorus punctum picipes, Orius tristicolor) than unbaited blocks. Four insect families (Syrphidae, Braconidae, Empididae, Sarcophagidae) were also significantly more abundant in the MeSA-baited blocks, as indicated by sticky card captures. Canopy shake samples and sticky card monitoring conducted in a MeSA-baited, unsprayed hop yard indicated development and maintenance of a beneficial arthropod population that was nearly four times greater than that present in an unbaited reference yard. Four times as many S. punctum picipes and six times as many O. tristicolor were sampled in the MeSA yard. Similar contrasts in abundance of these predators and others were apparent when compared with levels recorded in the yard in previous years. The large population of predatory insects in the MeSA-baited hop yard was associated with a dramatic reduction in spider mite numbers, the major arthropod pest of hops, in late June, and subeconomic populations were maintained for the rest of the season. The evidence presented here is highly suggestive that the use of controlled-release MeSA in a crop could increase recruitment and residency of populations of certain beneficial insects. This strategy may have the potential to enhance the efficacy and reliability of conservation biological control in crop pest management.