Genetically Encoded Biosensors to Monitor Intracellular Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species and Glutathione Redox Potential in Skeletal Muscle Cells

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) play an important role in the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle and are involved in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, which drive metabolism, regeneration, and adaptation in skeletal muscle. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes are unknown or partially uncovered. We implemented a combination of methodological approaches that are funded for the use of genetically encoded biosensors associated with quantitative fluorescence microscopy imaging to study redox biology in skeletal muscle. Therefore, it was possible to detect and monitor RONS and glutathione redox potential with high specificity and spatio-temporal resolution in two models, isolated skeletal muscle fibers and C2C12 myoblasts/myotubes. Biosensors HyPer3 and roGFP2-Orp1 were examined for the detection of cytosolic hydrogen peroxide; HyPer-mito and HyPer-nuc for the detection of mitochondrial and nuclear hydrogen peroxide; Mito-Grx1-roGFP2 and cyto-Grx1-roGFP2 were used for registration of the glutathione redox potential in mitochondria and cytosol. G-geNOp was proven to detect cytosolic nitric oxide. The fluorescence emitted by the biosensors is affected by pH, and this might have masked the results; therefore, environmental CO₂ must be controlled to avoid pH fluctuations. In conclusion, genetically encoded biosensors and quantitative fluorescence microscopy provide a robust methodology to investigate the pathophysiological processes associated with the redox biology of skeletal muscle.     

生物材料修饰的碳糊电极及其应用

就酶、细胞器、动植物组织和微生物细胞等生物材料修饰的碳糊电极进行综述,着重归纳了酶与底物的作用原理,以及氧化还原介体对促进酶电活性中心与电极之间直接导电连接的原理。     

生物传感器研究进展及其在食品检测中的应用

生物传感器是1种将生物信号转化为电信号的传感装置,迄今已经有50多年的发展历史。生物传感器从早期通过检测代谢产物的第1代生物传感器发展到可以实现直接电化学的第3代生物传感器。由于自身出色的性能,生物传感器得到了广泛的应用,各种新的技术也层出不穷。在食品分析领域中,生物传感器被广泛用于农兽药残留、真菌毒素、微生物及病毒以及其他污染物的检测。本文梳理了近年来生物传感器在食品检测中的广泛应用,并对未来生物传感技术在食品中发展作出了展望。     

Biocatalytically induced formation of cupric ferrocyanide nanoparticles and their application for electrochemical and optical biosensing of glucose

The enzymatically controlled growth of cupric ferrocyanide nanoparticles in the presence of glucose oxidase, its ferricyanide electron acceptor, and copper ions is described. The biocatalytically stimulated growth of these nanoparticles on the surface of carbon-paste electrodes results in an amplified electrochemical detection of the glucose substrate. This concept can readily be expanded for monitoring a wide range of biocatalytic processes involving the ferricyanide electron acceptor.     

Anisotropic Wetting Surfaces with One‐Dimesional and Directional Structures: Fabrication Approaches,Wetting Properties and Potential Applications

This review article provides a brief summary of recent research progress on anisotropic wetting on one‐dimensional (1D) and directionally patterned surfaces, as well as the technical importance in various applications. Inspiration from natural structures exhibiting anisotropic wetting behavior is first discussed. Development of fabrication techniques for topographically and chemically 1D patterned surfaces and directional nanomaterials are then reviewed, with emphasis on anisotropic behavior with topographically (structurally) patterned surfaces. The basic investigation of anisotropic wetting behavior and theoretical simulations for anisotropic wetting are also further reviewed. Perspectives concerning future direction of anisotropic wetting research and its potential applications in microfluidic devices, lab‐on‐a‐chip, sensor, microreactor and self‐cleaning are presented.