果蔬中多酚类化合物双向调控Nrf2/Keap1信号通路的研究进展

果蔬中含有丰富的多酚类化合物,其含有的酚羟基中邻位酚羟基极易被氧化,有较强捕捉活性氧等自由 基的能力,因此能够清除自由基和淬灭活性氧。Nrf2（NF-E2-related factor 2）信号通路是增强机体抗氧化功能最 重要的保护性信号途径,在细胞抵御氧化应激机制中有着重要的地位,是抗氧化研究领域的热点。本文通过阐述 Nrf2/Keap1（Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1）信号通路及其调节方式,讨论Nrf2在肿瘤化学预防和促进癌症发 生中的双重作用,重点介绍和归纳了果蔬中几种典型的多酚类物质对Nrf2/Keap1信号通路双向调控作用的分子机 制,以期为利用果蔬多酚开发健康绿色食品和药品提供一定的理论依据。     

虾青素对秀丽隐杆线虫衰老的影响及其机制的初步研究

本文研究了虾青素对秀丽隐杆线虫衰老和正常生理功能的影响及其相关作用机制。试验设立对照组和虾青素组(0.08 m M、0.16 m M、0.40 m M、0.80 m M),观察N2野生型线虫的寿命及相关生理指标(生殖能力、吞咽频率和移动力),评价不同浓度虾青素对线虫衰老过程的影响,明确虾青素作用的最佳剂量;选用最佳剂量的虾青素处理N2野生型、daf-16基因缺陷型和age-1基因缺陷型线虫,分析其寿命长短,探讨虾青素在胰岛素信号通路上延缓线虫衰老的作用机理。结果表明,虾青素可显著延长线虫的寿命(P0.05),0.16 m M虾青素的作用效果最佳,线虫的平均寿命达到26.03 d,显著延长了31.68%;虾青素对线虫的生殖能力和吞咽频率没有显著影响,能显著增强10 d和15 d线虫的移动力。0.16 m M虾青素可显著提高age-1缺陷型线虫的寿命,对daf-16缺陷型线虫的寿命无显著影响。因此,虾青素可显著延长线虫寿命,其作用机制与胰岛素信号通路上的daf-16基因密切相关。     

Genomic architecture of bovine κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin

The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic architecture underlying the absolute concentrations of 2 important milk proteins, κ-casein (κ-CN) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), in a backcross population of (Holstein × Jersey) × Holstein cattle. A genome-wide association analysis was performed using a selective DNA pooling strategy and the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip assay [777,000 (777K) SNP markers; Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA]. After correction for multiple testing, 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms were found to be associated with κ-CN and 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with β-LG. A pathway association analysis revealed 15 Gene Ontology (GO) terms associated with the κ-CN trait and 28 GO terms associated with β-LG. In addition, several GO terms were associated with both milk proteins. Further analysis revealed that κ-CN and β-LG production is regulated by both kinase and phosphatase activity, including mechanisms regulating the extracellular matrix. These results are in concordance with the complex multihormonal process controlling the expression of milk proteins and interactions between mammary epithelial cells and extracellular matrix components. Although κ-CN and β-LG milk proteins are expressed by single genes, the results from this study showed that many loci are involved in the regulation of the concentration of these 2 proteins.     

米根霉F1-ATPase活性降低突变株的筛选研究

本实验采用同步辐射软X射线Nk诱变米根霉,获得一株新霉素抗性突变株NA-2,该菌株F1-ATPase活性降低86.82%,胞内ATP含量下降18.99%,最终菌体浓度为出发菌株的79.22%,发酵周期缩短了12h,葡萄糖平均消耗速度和L-乳酸生产强度分别高出25.17%和32.57%,平均葡萄糖消耗比速(qs)、L-乳酸生成比速(qp)和细胞比生长速率(μ)分别提高86.42%、128.13%和60.0%,但胞内能荷变化不明显。进一步研究发现,突变株糖酵解途径中关键酶磷酸果糖激酶(PEK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)和磷酸甘油醛激酶(GAPDH)的活性较原始菌株提高了58.34%、23.53%和11.29%,乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)活性降低了32.11%,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性提高了42.27%。结果表明,降低米根霉F1-ATPase活性有效地提高了糖酵解关键酶活性而加速葡萄糖代谢,提高了L-乳酸生产强度。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究现状与发展趋势

相对于传统絮凝剂而言,微生物絮凝剂具有絮凝效果好、应用范围广、易生物降解、对环境安全、无二次污染的特点。文章综述了微生物絮凝剂的种类、微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理研究现状、微生物絮凝剂的发酵生产以及微生物絮凝剂在水污染控制方面的应用,并对复合型微生物絮凝剂的特点、发酵工艺、应用前景进行了介绍。在此基础上,分析了目前微生物絮凝剂研究工作中存在的问题,提出今后微生物絮凝剂研究的主要发展趋势。     

Drosophila as a Model System for Studying of the Evolution and Functional Specialization of the Y Chromosome

The Y chromosome is one of the sex chromosomes found in males of animals of different taxa, including insects and mammals. Among all chromosomes, the Y chromosome is characterized by a unique chromatin landscape undergoing dynamic evolutionary change. Being entirely heterochromatic, the Y chromosome as a rule preserves few functional genes, but is enriched in tandem repeats and transposons. Due to difficulties in the assembly of the highly repetitive Y chromosome sequence, deep analyses of Y chromosome evolution, structure, and functions are limited to a few species, one of them being Drosophila melanogaster. Despite Y chromosomes exhibiting high structural divergence between even closely related species, Y-linked genes have evolved convergently and are mainly associated with spermatogenesis-related activities. This indicates that male-specific selection is a dominant force shaping evolution of Y chromosomes across species. This review presents our analysis of current knowledge concerning Y chromosome functions, focusing on recent findings in Drosophila. Here we dissect the experimental and bioinformatics data about the Y chromosome accumulated to date in Drosophila species, providing comparative analysis with mammals, and discussing the relevance of our analysis to a wide range of eukaryotic organisms, including humans.     

别克参多糖对哮喘小鼠氧化应激的影响

目的 探究别克参多糖（ESBP）对哮喘的影响及作用机制。方法 50只雌性Balb/c小鼠随机分为阴性对照组、哮喘模型组、地塞米松阳性给药组、ESBP高剂量组和ESBP低剂量组。除阴性对照组外,均以鸡卵清蛋白（OVA）致敏激发以建立哮喘模型。采用全自动血液分析仪对肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中的炎性细胞进行分类及计数;苏木素-伊红（HE）、过碘酸希夫（PAS）和马松（Masson）染色观察哮喘小鼠肺组织病理情况;比色法检测血清中丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性;免疫组化和实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）检测小鼠肺组织核因子E2相关因子2 （Nrf2）、血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的蛋白表达量及mRNA丰度。结果 与阴性对照组比较,模型组BALF中炎性细胞总数、中性粒细胞数、单核细胞数量及嗜酸性粒细胞数量均显著上升（P<0.05）,肺部炎性浸润明显,胶原沉积增多,黏液分泌增多,杯状细胞明显增生,同时模型组小鼠血清中MDA含量上升（P<0.05）,SOD活性下降（P<0.05）,肺组织中Nrf2、HO-1和VEGF的蛋白表达和mRNA丰度均有所增加（P<0.05）。与哮喘模型组比较,ESBP高剂量组BALF中的炎性细胞总数、中性粒细胞、单核细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞数量均显著降低（P<0.05）,ESBP高、低剂量组肺部病理状况均有所改善,肺组织中Nrf2和HO-1的蛋白表达量和mRNA丰度均增加（P<0.05）,VEGF的蛋白表达量和mRNA丰度被显著下调（P<0.05）。结论 别克参多糖可减轻哮喘小鼠气道炎症并缓解气道重塑,其机制可能是通过干预体内氧化应激,激活Nrf2/HO-1通路和抑制VEGF表达实现。     

人参、甘草、五味子复合醋提物对老年小鼠急性炎性肝损伤保护作用的研究

目的:本研究旨在通过脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导肝损伤小鼠考察复合醋提物(MVE)对老年小鼠炎性肝损伤的保护效果.方法:将小鼠随机分为正常对照组、MVE组、LPS组、LPS+MVE组.通过苏木精-伊红染色评估肝组织病理情况和免疫组织化学染色判断髓过氧化物酶的表达变化.同时,检测肝组织中白介...     

原位电离便携式质谱研究卡西酮类毒品的裂解规律和分析策略

采用纸毛细管喷雾(PCS)原位电离便携式质谱,在正离子模式下采集国内列管的40种卡西酮类毒品的质谱信息,分析一级质谱图[M+H]+峰,MS2、MS2_DDA模式下的特征碎片峰及其相对丰度比,建立用于40种卡西酮类毒品快速筛查的质谱数据库.研究发现,所有卡西酮类毒品均存在α位的C—N键裂解;根据最高离子峰是否为[M-H2...