Perception of Beer Flavour Associates with Thermal Taster Status

Beer flavour, and thus much of the consumer experience of beer, is determined by the sensations elicited when it is taken into the mouth. Thus, individual differences in the perception of these oral sensations may contribute to the variation in consumer behaviour. A new taste phenotype shown to associate with the intensity of oral sensations elicited by simple solutions is thermal taster status (TTS). Thermal tasters (TTs) perceive ‘phantom’ tastes with thermal stimulation of the tongue, while thermal non‐tasters (TnTs) do not. Here, we investigate the effect of TTS on the perceived intensity of bitterness, sourness, sweetness, fullness, carbonation and overall flavour intensity elicited by seven beers representing classic styles — wheat beer, brown ale, pale ale, low‐alcohol lager, standard lager, high‐alcohol lager and stout. A strong trend was observed for TTs (n = 20) to rate attributes higher than TnTs (n = 20) for all beers except the stout, with these differences significant in many instances (ANOVA or binomial analysis). It is concluded that TTS may be an important determinant of individual differences in the perception of beer flavour, but beer liking and preference are more complex phenomena than can be accounted for by this phenotype alone.     

味觉识别及其应用

分析了味觉与食品的关系，介绍了味觉及其识别机理，研究了味觉模式识别中的主元分析、模糊识别、神经网络识别、模糊－神经网络识别、混沌识别。探讨了味觉识别及其应用状况，展望了味觉识别系统发展的广阔前景。     

再论白酒的风味物质

白酒风味物质由两部分物成，一类是口感物质，即味觉物质；另一类是芳香物质，也叫香气物质。结合以往的研究成果，从食品生物化学的角度对白酒风味进行探讨。     

早籼配制米配方及加工技术

为改善低质早籼米品质,在分析浙江省主栽早籼基米米质基础上采用籼米之间配制技术。配方研究是以控制直链淀粉含量为核心,以长宽比相近为原则,通过调整不同直链淀粉含量品种的搭配比例,达到直链淀粉含量15%~20%且改善其早籼米饭过硬或过粘的食味特性的目的。对配方米的米质和食味的鉴定结果表明配制米米质和食味品质明显好于单一早籼基米。在配米生产工艺上采用原料搭配或成品搭配,使配米精度优于1%,混合均匀度变异系数CV≤10%。     

草莓粗酶液促进发酵改善秋季红茶的理化品质

为了提高秋季红茶品质,采用草莓粗酶液促进红茶发酵,并对所制干茶的感官品质、滋味特征、化学成分和香气成分进行了比较分析。感官审评和电子舌结果表明,草莓粗酶液促进发酵,改善了秋季红茶的苦涩味,提升其香气品质。品质和香气成分分析表明,添加草莓粗酶液对茶多酚、可溶性糖、儿茶素组分、氨基酸含量及香气组分有着较大影响。与对照相比,草莓粗酶液与揉捻叶的质量比为10%时(CM3),红茶的茶多酚含量显著降低,其中C、ECG和EGCG的含量分别降低了30.92%、27.34%和17.87%,而可溶性糖、茶黄素含量分别增加了18.70%和15.93%,香气组分中脱氢芳樟醇、橙花叔醇分别增加了58.79%、61.67%,且芳樟醇、橙花醇、苯乙醛、β-蒎烯均在CM3时达到峰值,这些香气成分的增加极大地提高了红茶的香气。此外,CM3处理的红茶还表现出最强的DPPH自由基清除活性(IC_(50)=85.01±0.85μg/min)。综上所述,添加草莓粗酶液促进红茶发酵,能够改善秋季红茶的苦涩味,提升其香气品质,且添加比例为10%时,品质改善作用最为明显并增加了红茶的抗氧化活性。     

复方降脂中药的性味归经与药效的BPNN研究

针对复方中药药效与其性味归经之间复杂的、不确定的关系,建立适于复方降脂中药的BP神经网络模型,运用Matlab快速预测复方降脂中药的药效指标。经验证,该方法为一种快速、可靠的方法。     

北方肉制品市场现状及发展趋势

我国是肉类生产大国,也是消费大国,但从目前产业的整体水平仍然不高,这不仅表现为肉类加工企业数量太多,技术装备落后,创新能力和经济实力不强,而且在物流配送、保鲜包装、营销手段等方面,传统落后的方式仍占主导地位,没有形成现代化的经营体系,因此本文对我国北方肉制品市场的现状进行分析,并阐述北方人的口味,分析北方肉制品加工业的发展趋势。     

The effect on taste upon the introduction of heteroatoms in sulphamates

The effect on taste of introducing a heteroatom(s) in place of a carbon atom(s) in sulphamate tastants has been examined in this work. Seventy sets of heterosulphamates and their corresponding carbon analogues (130 compounds in total) were examined. This interesting database was assembled by bringing together series of heterocompounds and suitable nonhetero analogues from the literature, by the synthesis in this work of 15 new heterosulphamates and two new carbosulphamates, which was necessary “to match up” with known carbosulphamate analogues and by making taste predictions for ten carbosulphamates which are unknown, using existing well-established structure-taste relationships (SARs). A sulphur atom replaced a carbon atom in 18 cases, either oxygen or an –OH group replaced carbon in 16 cases, and there are 29 examples where a nitrogen atom or an –NH group replaced carbon. Finally, there are six instances of a “double carbon–carbon, nitrogen–nitrogen substitution” and one of a treble carbon, nitrogen substitution. The overall picture shows that in 33 instances no change in taste was found when substitution occurred, in 29 instances sweet taste (S) was removed giving a nonsweet compound (N), and in eight instances a nonsweet material (N) became sweet (S). Replacement of oxygen by sulphur resulted in the introduction of sweetness in three cases out of four examined. Several important findings were made and a number of new structure-taste relationships have been derived for heterosulphamates.     

The methodical organization of talking and eating: Assessments in dinner conversations

The paper analyzes food talk and more particularly food assessments produced during dinner conversations videorecorded in naturalistic settings. This focus reveals how expressions of food preferences, taste, and other evaluations are deeply embedded within collective activities, related both to the ongoing conversation and to the management of the meal as a social event. The paper reviews existing interactional studies of dinner conversations, and provides a detailed analysis of the interactional, linguistic and multimodal patterns which characterize the sequential environment in which assessments are produced. It identifies three recurrent contexts: at the beginning of meals, at closings of sequences and topical developments, and at ‘delicate’ moments characterized by emerging disagreements and conflicts. This sequential analysis reveals how taste and food preferences are highly sensitive both to the social occasions and to the organization of turns at talk; analysis shows that not only are assessments systematically positioned within specific sequences in dinner conversations, but also that they can be mobilized in service of other social practices, such as fueling topical talk, reorienting participants’ focus of attention or stopping emerging sequential trajectories.