亚麻棉纱练漂工艺实践

采用氯漂和氧漂相结合的前处理工艺,在氧漂中用尿素代替烧碱,使亚麻棉纱的白度达到了客户要求,且强力下降不多。     

四种相思树硫酸盐法制浆性能的比较

系统研究了大叶相思、马占相思、厚荚相思及纹荚相思4种相思树的材料特征、化学组分,采用硫酸盐法对比研究了4种相思树的制浆性能,并采用CEHD四段漂白程序对4种相思树纸浆进行了漂白性能的研究。结果表明,4种相思树都是制取漂白硫酸盐浆的适宜阔叶材种;采用硫酸盐法制浆,用碱量(氧化钠计)为16%,硫化度为25%时,纸浆得率为46.95%～50.95%;制得的4种相思树硫酸盐浆经CEHD四段漂白,在总有效氯用量控制在5.1%时,纸浆白度为81.5%ISO～84.7%ISO;纸浆的强度性能良好,叩解度为30°SR时,其抗张指数为59.4～63.7N·m/g。综合比较,4种相思树的制浆性能优劣顺序为:马占相思>大叶相思>纹荚相思>厚荚相思。     

基于神经网络的统计优化方法及其在纸浆漂白工艺中的应用

应用三层前向网络作为预测纸浆漂白效果的分类模型。在网络能正常识别漂白效果所属类别的基础上，通过模拟计算和统计分析，确定了漂白工艺参数的优化操作区域。这为难以建立精确数学模型又是多约束的漂白工艺过程的优化提供了一种有效方法。     

The influence of specimen refractive index,detector signal integration,and non-uniform scan speed on the imaging properties in confocal microscopy

Refraction of light in a specimen volume may cause aberrations that influence the imaging properties in confocal microscopy. In this paper the influence on three-dimensional resolution and geometry is experimentally investigated for a uniform specimen volume. It is found that the depth resolution is more severely affected than the lateral resolution. This is unfortunate, because even under ideal conditions the depth resolution is lower than the lateral resolution. Lateral image geometry is little affected by the specimen refractive index, whereas the depth scale can be considerably elongated or compressed. The influence of a finite detector integration time is also considered. This can give a noticeable, but not particularly severe effect on the image resolution in the line-scan direction. Because the integration time can be accurately controlled, a shorter integration time can be used when maximum resolution is essential, albeit at the price of a higher noise level. In scanning fluorescence microscopy a non-uniform scan speed may give large variations in bleaching over the specimen surface. Experiments illustrate how serious such non-uniform bleaching effects can be when a specimen area is repeatedly scanned, for example when recording optical serial sections.     

水曲柳木材水热处理后的漂白工艺研究

实木经水热处理后,颜色有所变化。为此,对不同水热处理条件处理后的水曲柳实木进行了漂白工艺试验,并根据试验结果选出了与水热处理条件相对应的最佳漂白工艺。     

维纶基牛奶蛋白纤维的漂白与染色研究

探讨双氧水对牛奶纤维针织物的漂白工艺,以织物白度、织物顶破强力为评价指标,优化了双氧水和还原剂漂白的工艺。在此基础上,进一步优化维纶基牛奶纤维双漂工艺,发现双氧水→二氧化硫脲漂白法效果最佳。通过分析活性染料、酸性染料、毛用活性染料、阳离子染料、分散染料等染料对维纶基牛奶纤维的染色,并与羊毛、丝绸和大豆纤维的染色性能作比较,初步探讨其染色性能。     

大豆蛋白纤维漂白工艺探讨

大豆蛋白纤维用常规氧漂或还原漂难以除尽色素,而采用氧化还原双漂工艺才能使白度提高〔2〕因此对其氧化还原双漂工艺进行优化,以确定最佳的工艺条件。首先通过单因素的实验方法对影响漂白的各个因素进行分析,其次由得出的影响因素进行正交实验,选取最优方案,从而得出最佳的工艺。最优工艺条件下处理后能获得较理想的白度。     

棉针织物直接染料煮漂染一浴法工艺的探讨

介绍台湾产高级直接染料煮、漂、染一浴法的特点、优点,及其适应的工艺条件,并与常规工艺作了分析比较。     

Organochlorine Formation in Tertiary Amine Catalyzed Pulp Bleaching

An oxygen delignified eucalyptus kraft pulp was bleached by applying a catalytic amount of a tertiary amine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane, and hypochlorous acid at varying pH, temperature, and time. The bleaching filtrate was analyzed for chloroform and AOX and the pulp for residual lignin, hexenuronic acid, and OX. In comparison with chlorine dioxide bleaching, the novel catalytic bleaching (pH < 6) generated only traces of chloroform and low contents of AOX and OX. Separate catalytic oxidations of authentic hexenuronic acid showed that it was a major precursor of chloroform. The results demonstrate a practical way to reduce organochlorine formation in pulp bleaching and provide new understanding on the reaction pathways that yield chloroform.     

牛仔洗水处理对PTT纤维结构和力学性能的影响

对聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)短纤维进行4种洗水工艺处理,并对处理前后的纤维通过电子单纤维强力仪、红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜进行力学性能和结构的表征。结果显示:PTT纤维经过4种洗水处理后,纤维的断裂强度和断裂伸长率分别下降,弹性回复率微微下降,纤维的表面均有不同大小的坑穴;红外分析表明经洗水处理后,纤维的结晶度下降,尤其是高锰酸钾处理和双氧水漂洗对纤维力学性能的下降和纤维表面形态的破坏的作用更明显。