慈竹薄壁组织的部分去除对化机浆制浆、漂白性能的影响

采用螺旋挤压法破坏竹片组织结构,并筛除分离部分薄壁组织,选用不同的化学预浸渍方法进行浸渍软化,对制得的不同化学机械浆（CMP）进行过氧化氢漂白对比试验。结果表明：螺旋挤压法去除11.4%薄壁组织后,竹丝化学组成与原竹片相比差异十分明显,其灰分质量分数降低了38.6%,纤维素质量分数增加了4.71%,但螺旋挤压对竹纤维没有造成明显的损伤;碱性过氧化氢（AP）预浸渍可以显著降低磨浆电耗,在加拿大游离度300 mL时,该方法比烧碱（AA）法节电18.0%,并且其化机浆的结合强度较高;AA法浆料的松厚度最高、强度较差;碱性亚硫酸钠（AS）法化机浆的松厚度和强度性能介于AP和AA之间;在H₂O₂用量为8%的漂白条件下,AP、AS和AA预浸渍法的最佳碱用量分别为4.5%、4.5%和3.5%,同时AP预浸渍可以改善漂白效率,漂后浆白度可达56.8%（ISO）,而AA预浸渍化机浆漂白浆白度仅为49.9%（ISO）。     

Isotherms,kinetics, and thermodynamic studies for adsorption of pigments and oxidation products in oil bleaching from catfish waste

Abstract

The aim of this work was to study the bleaching of oil extracted from the heads of the catfish by thermomechanical process through equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics adsorption studies. The condition for the bleaching step was with 1% (w/w) adsorbent composed of 95% activated earth and 5% activated carbon (w/w). The pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models were the most appropriate to represent the adsorption kinetics. The temperature of 80?°C increased the adsorption capacity of the two adsorbates, and the activation energies values were of 47.47 and 44.82?kJ mol^?1, respectively, for the adsorption of carotenoids and peroxides. The Langmuir model was the most appropriate to describe the bleaching equilibrium curves. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the processes were endothermic, favorable, and spontaneous and the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate was physical.     

Fibrous raw material of bamboo origin with improved fibrillation and spinnability

For making use of the natural biomass, the textile features of the bamboo fibres were optimized. Since lignin content of the fibres is responsible for its textile properties, the alkali-treated bamboo fibres were bleached with peracetic acid that resulted into the desired removal of lignin content of the fibres. As evident from the scanning electron microscopic images, the morphology of the fibres was much improved over the control samples. The resulting fibre possesses desirable tenacity, colouring properties and strength. Overall, an improved method for chemical treatment of bamboo fibres is developed so that this natural biomass is used for textile purpose.     

棉织物低温近中性一浴一步法练漂

为实现基于生物酶的棉织物短流程前处理,构建出过硼酸钠/四乙酰乙二胺(SPB/TAED)低温活化体系,并将果胶酶与纤维素酶溶入该体系对棉织物进行同浴练漂。通过变量控制法分析了酶的种类与质量浓度、SPB与TAED的质量浓度、时间与温度对织物白度与毛效的影响,得到优化的一浴一步工艺:果胶酶、纤维素酶、SPB、TAED、渗透剂质量浓度分别为1、2、15、25、1 g/L,时间为60 min,温度为60 ℃。将此低温工艺与传统的高温(95 ℃)碱性(pH 值12~13)工艺进行对比,结果表明:前者节能优势明显;2种工艺条件下的练漂棉织物具有相当的白度、吸湿性、可染性,但低温练漂织物的强力明显较高,其表面更光滑且杂质较少。     

混合办公废纸脱墨浆的漂白

主要研究DBI漂白混合办公废纸脱墨浆时NaHS03和NaBH4的用量配比、漂白时的温度、pH值以及时间等对脱墨浆的白度、油墨尘埃度的影响,摸索DBI漂白脱墨浆影响因素的较佳取值。     

木聚糖酶对杨木化学浆漂白的影响

对木聚糖酶辅助二氧化氯漂白杨木KP浆进行了研究,结果表明在不同酶处理位置的二氧化氯漂白中,酶处理位置对漂白效果影响很大。在木聚糖酶与药品二氧化氧协同漂白过程中,Di段与木聚糖酶协同作用时,时间在40min时较合适。在E段与木聚糖酶协同作用时,时间在50min较为合适。在D2段与木聚糖酶协同作用时,时间在30min时漂白...     

高档色织斜纹织物的设计与生产

设计并生产了高档色织斜纹织物.从松筒、装纱、入染前处理、入染、入染后处理、烘干等方面介绍了筒子染色工序;整浆联合工序要严格控制上浆率,从烘房温度、车速等方面控制回潮率;合理设计开口时间、上机张力、车速、后梁高低与前后位置、主辅喷嘴气压与启闭时间等织造工艺.通过采取以上技术措施,生产的产品织造效率达到了92.1％,经向台...     

筒子纱短流程快速漂染工艺

通过采用多功能快速氧漂助剂BLG,以及预加碱染色和皂洗酶水洗后处理,实现了筒子纱的快速氧漂和染色生产,使筒子纱漂染全程的工艺时间缩短1/3.该工艺节能减排,对纤维损伤小,生产重现性好,提高了产品质量,降低了生产成本.     

棉织物低温氧漂稳定剂和活化剂

分别在80℃和pH值9、pH值11两种工艺条件下,对氧漂稳定剂和活化剂进行优选.试验发现,稳定剂D能够有效螯合水中的Fe3+并控制双氧水的分解;在80℃和pH值9的条件下,活化剂A有较好的促进漂白作用,最佳质量浓度为0.6×10-3g/L,稳定剂D最佳质量浓度为1g/L;在80℃和pH值11的条件下,活化剂S促进漂白作...     

硫酸盐苇浆的TCF漂白工艺

研究硫酸盐苇浆的几种TCF漂白方法。结果表明,在两段氧脱木素的第一段加入过氧化氢,可使纸浆硬度降低62.3%以上,并有利于纸浆后续的漂白探讨了O_P/OMP_OP、O_P/OMPP_O、O_P/OMPMP_O、O_P/OMP_OMP等漂序,其中O_P/OMPMP_O漂序的漂白效果最好,可将纸浆漂到87.6%ISO的白度,且当P_O段H_2O用量为0.3%时,纸浆白度也可以达到85%ISO以上