全秆红麻磺化化学机械浆H2O2单段漂白

研究了全秆红麻磺化化学机械浆(SCMP)H_2O_2漂白过程中的各种影响因素,确定了H_3O_2漂白红麻 SCMP 的最佳工艺条件,在最佳条件下,H_2O_2将白度为54.9%的红麻未漂浆漂至71%以上白度;红外光谱表明,H_2O_2能够除去红麻 SCMP 中部分共轭羰基、β-羰基和羧基结构,从而达到漂白的目的。     

利用双氧水对大豆油进行脱色的实验报告

通过实验探索利用双氧水对大豆油进行脱色的工艺操作方法。经对脱色后油脂的各项理化指标及在贮藏过程中的变化情况进行测定表明,用双氧水对大豆油进行脱色是可行的。     

商品漂水的稳定性及其研究

对影响商品漂水的稳定性的原因进行了理论分析。对影响因素进行了初步的探讨，提出了提高商品漂水稳定性的方法：降低浓度，过滤，改善储存环境，提高粘度。     

以废白土制备洗涤膏

植物油脱色用过的活性白土是含油的废白土 ,本文探索了一种充分利用废白土的方法。以强碱与废白土含的油按化学计量比进行皂化反应可得一种洗涤膏。这种洗涤膏主要适用机械工人洗手 ,也可用以清洗瓷砖等硬表面。通过对比试验 ,表明该洗涤膏在这两类应用场合中的洗涤效果良好     

高档色织斜纹织物的设计与生产

设计并生产了高档色织斜纹织物.从松筒、装纱、入染前处理、入染、入染后处理、烘干等方面介绍了筒子染色工序;整浆联合工序要严格控制上浆率,从烘房温度、车速等方面控制回潮率;合理设计开口时间、上机张力、车速、后梁高低与前后位置、主辅喷嘴气压与启闭时间等织造工艺.通过采取以上技术措施,生产的产品织造效率达到了92.1％,经向台...     

镧铕共掺TiO_2/复合白土光催化剂的合成及工业废水处理活性

以钛酸四正丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-微波法合成了La和Eu共掺型纳米TiO2粉体(La-Eu-TiO2),以甲基橙为模型污染物考察了掺杂量对光催化活性的影响。XRD分析表明,所得粉体均为锐钛矿相纳米TiO2,且La和Eu掺杂后纳米TiO2特征衍射峰宽化,强度降低;UV-vis吸收光谱表明,La和Eu掺杂后对光的吸收显著增强;光催化实验表明,La和Eu共掺杂能显著提高纳米TiO2的光催化活性,当La和Eu掺杂量分别为0.1%和0.25%时,纳米TiO2光催化剂具有较高的催化活性,自然光照下光催化氧化处理卷烟厂蒸叶车间废水,效果较好,废水COD去除率达到92.4%,且催化剂易沉降分离、重复使用性能稳定。     

The final bleaching of eucalypt kraft pulps with hydrogen peroxide: relationship with industrial ECF bleaching history and cellulose degradation

BACKGROUND: The process of chemical pulp bleaching is based for the most part in chlorine dioxide within elemental chlorine free (ECF) technologies. The use of greener alternatives such as bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (P stage) is not widely used owing to selectivity concerns related to transition metal‐catalyzed decomposition reactions. Even at the final stage where peroxide is recognized to boost brightness and improve the brightness stability of the bleached pulp, cellulose degradation often overcomes these advantages. This paper presents the results of studies intended to optimize final peroxide bleaching performance considering two standard ECF industrial bleaching sequences: the conventional DED and the ECF‐light OQ(PO)D (stages name: D—chlorine dioxide; E—alkaline extraction; O—oxygen; Q—chelation, (PO)—hydrogen peroxide pressurized with oxygen). RESULTS: The addition of sodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA) was the most effective option in terms of DED pulp bleachability and selectivity with hydrogen peroxide, as well as in terms of brightness reversion. As regards the OQ(PO)D pulp, a blend of DTPA and magnesium was the most beneficial in those properties. CONCLUSIONS: The choice of the best hydrogen peroxide stabilizer, among the different tested combinations of magnesium and chelants (EDTA and DTPA) studied, in terms of pulp bleachability, bleaching selectivity and brightness reversion is dependent on the impact of the previous bleaching stages on metallic nature and content. The pulp Mg/(Fe + Cu) ratio was highlighted as a process parameter controlling cellulose degradation in peroxide bleaching. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Removal of organic contaminants in paper pulp effluents by AOPs: an economic study

The degradation of the organic content of a bleaching Kraft mill effluent was carried out using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). The study was focused on the identification of the AOP, or combination of AOPs, that showed the highest efficiency together with the lowest cost. Direct UV photolysis (UV), TiO₂ assisted‐photocatalysis (TiO₂/UV), Fenton, Fenton‐like, and photo‐Fenton reactions (Fe(II)/H₂O/UV), UV‐assisted ozonation (O₃/UV) and addition of Fe²⁺ and/or H₂O₂ to the TiO₂/UV and the O₃/UV systems, were used for the degradation of a conventional cellulose bleaching effluent. The effluent was characterized by the general parameters TOC, COD and color, and analyzed for chlorinated low molecular weight compounds using GC–MS. The costs of the systems per unit of TOC reduction were compared. Fenton, Fenton‐like and photo‐Fenton reactions achieved better levels of TOC degradation than photocatalysis and with lower cost's than photocatalytic treatments. Ozonation is an effective but rather expensive process. The use of UVA light, however, increased the effectiveness of ozonation with a significant decrease (>25%) in the operational cost. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

二氧化氯的生产和应用评述

详细评述了 2 0世纪二氧化氯的主要生产工艺和制备方法及二氧化氯作为漂白剂、消毒杀菌剂、水处理剂等在多种行业中的应用 ,分析展望了 2 1世纪二氧化氯的生产和应用前景 ,认为应在我国大力发展二氧化氯的生产并促进其应用。     

碱法麦草浆木聚糖酶处理后木质素及碳水化合物的变化

采用UV光谱、凝胶色谱、X—射线衍射及扫描电镜等技术对碱法麦草浆的酶解浆和酶解液进行分析,探讨了木聚糖酶对碱法麦草浆处理后浆中木质素和碳水化合物的变化情况。研究认为,木聚糖酶对碱法麦草浆漂白作用主要是因为木聚糖酶降解了浆中部分木聚糖和残余木质素中的LCC结构,从而使后序漂白中漂液更易渗透,木质素的溶出更多、更易。