Viscoelastic properties of polyarylene ether nitriles/thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer blend

Polyarylene ether nitriles (PEN)/thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) blend was prepared via melt mixing. The immiscible phase morphologies, linear and nonlinear, as well as transient viscoelastic properties of the blend were studied using SEM, rheometer, and DMA. The linear dynamic viscoelastic behavior of the blend shows temperature dependence due to further evolution of the immiscible morphology and, as a result, the principle of time‐temperature superposition (TTS) is invalid. In the steady shear flow, the discrete TLCP phase is difficult to be broken up because of the high viscosity ratio of the blend systems, while is easy to be coarsened and followed by elongation, and finally, to form fibrous morphology at high TLCP content and high shear level. During this morphological evolution process, the transient stress response presents step increase and nonzero residual relaxation behavior, leading to increase of the dynamic viscoelastic responses after steady preshear. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Antimicrobial finishing of regular and modified polyethylene terephthalate fabrics

An effective two-stage method has been developed for imparting antimicrobial properties to regular polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET), polyethylene glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PEG-M-PET), R-PET/Cotton blend (R-PET/C) and PEG-M-PET/Cotton blend (PEG-M-PET/C) fabrics. The method consists of partial hydrolysis of the fabrics to create carboxylic groups in PET macromolecules followed by subsequent reaction with dimethylalkylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DMABAC) under alkaline conditions. The reaction conditions such as pH, reaction temperature and time, carboxylic content, and DMABAC concentration were studied. Characterization of the finished fabrics was carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). All the modified PET fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive (Bacillus mycoides), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli), and nonfilamentous fungus (Candida albicans). The achieved antimicrobial functions on the PET fabrics are durable in repeated laundering processes. Even after laundering 10 times the fabrics could still provide more than 85% of its antimicrobial activity against B. mycoides, E. coli, and C. albicans. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

In-Situ Wet Chemical Composition of Multicomponent Precursors to Blue Emitting Sr2CeO4 Phosphors

Hybrid precursors were assembled with cerium coordination polymers, polyethyl glycohol (PEG), SrCO3 and other functional components using a modified in-situ chemical polymeric gel technology. The hybrid precursors were calcinated to achieve the Sr2CeO4 phosphors, whose particle sizes were in the range of micrometer by XRD and SEM. The photoluminescence spectra indicate that the phosphors present a strong blue emission.     

The Strategic Control of Multiple Routes in Imitation of Actions.

The aim of this study was to bring to the surface the strategic use of imitative processes in the context of a 2-route model: (a) direct imitation, used in reproducing new, meaningless actions, and (b) imitation based on stored semantic knowledge of familiar meaningful actions. Three experiments were carried out with healthy participants who reproduced meaningful and meaningless actions within an established time limit. The study investigated 3 factors that could potentially affect the selection of processes used for imitation: (a) the composition of the experimental list (blocked or mixed presentation), (b) the presence-absence of instructions (Experiments 1 and 2), and (c) the relative proportions of the stimuli (Experiment 3). Overall, the results suggest that each of these factors influences the selection of imitative strategies in healthy individuals with temporarily reduced capacities, as happens in the case of brain-damaged patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Numerical characterization of a microscale solid-oxide fuel cell

In this study, a single unit of planar micro-solid-oxide fuel cell (μSOFC) is investigated numerically to evaluate the influences of flow channel design, oxygen composition, and thermal operating conditions on cell performance. Four flow channel designs are examined under the co-flow configuration: serpentine, double serpentine, rod bundle, and oblique rib. For all designs, the contacts areas of interconnect to electrodes are kept consistent to maintain the ohmic losses at the same level. To characterize the mass transport effects, there are three different compositions, 100% O₂, 50% O₂/50% N₂ and air, fed to the cathode inlet. Different thermal conditions, adiabatic and isothermal, are applied to the outer boundary of the μSOFC and the results are compared. The outcomes suggest that both thermal conditions and oxidant composition show remarkable influences on μSOFC performance. Under adiabatic conditions, the rise of cell temperature causes a decrease in reversible voltage, deteriorating the overall cell competence. When oxygen is diluted with nitrogen, local gas diffusion becomes dominant to the cathode reaction. Bulk flow, on the other hand, plays a minor role in cell performance since there is little deviation in the polarization curves for all flow channel designs, even at high current densities. For comparison, the flow visualization technique is employed to observe the transport phenomena in various flow channel designs. The flow patterns are found to resemble the concentration distribution, providing a useful tool to design μSOFCs.     

La3+掺杂对纳米TiO2微观结构及光催化性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯和氯化镧为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La3+掺杂TiO2纳米粉体,讨论了不同掺杂浓度、不同热处理温度的样品催化降解刚果红染料实验中的光催化活性,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)分析了La3+掺杂TiO2样品的相组成、晶胞参数和晶粒大小对光催化活性的影响.结果表明:La3+掺杂能够显著提高TiO2粒子的光催化活性,最佳掺杂浓度为100∶3 0,最佳热处理温度为600℃;La3+掺杂的TiO2的相组成是影响光催化活性的决定性因素;晶格膨胀程度及晶粒大小对光催化活性的影响,主要是在相组成相同或相近时才体现得比较明显.     

Effect of Hydrogen Heat Treatment on the Chemical Composition of Aluminum Nitride Powder

The effect of hydrogen heat treatment on impurity contents in aluminum nitride powder of different fineness is studied. Thermodynamic calculations are provided pointing to the possibility of forming gaseous hydrogen compounds with impurity elements. It is established that as a result of treatment the contents of impurity elements, i.e. oxygen, carbon, sulfur, are reduced by a factor of 3-13. The optimum hydrogen heat treatment regime is determined: a temperature of 1323 K and an exposure time of 30 min.     

我国金矿床氧化带的地质地球化学特征

根据氧化矿石的主要化学成分，应用ＦＡＳ图解进行氧化矿石的化学成分分类；通过对氧化带分带及发育型式的研究，建立了我国金矿氧化带形成的地质地球化学模式；对影响氧化带发育的因素进行了初步探讨。     

CH_4、CO_2与O_2制合成气的研究 Ⅱ工艺条件的影响

在固定床反应器中考察了１２％Ｎｉ－５％ＲＥ－２％Ｃｕ－２％Ｌｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３（ｍａｓｓ）催化剂在ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２与Ｏ２催化氧化重整制合成气反应中催化剂粒径、工艺操作条件（空速与温度）及原料气配比对反应的影响，确定了较佳的操作条件：催化剂粒径２０～４０目，反应最佳温度为８００℃，ＳＶ＝４×１０４ｍｌ／（ｇ·ｈ）。同时看到在不同的原料气配比的条件下该催化剂的活性亦很稳定，不仅达到了反应平衡，且产物Ｖ（ＣＯ）／Ｖ（Ｈ２）比有很强的调变性。     

The multi-structure of oxidized-reduced tungsten carbide surface(s)

The XPS of bulk tungsten carbide, partially oxidized WC surfaces at 373 and 573 K as well as tungsten trioxide have been reported. Bulk WC has been prepared from WO₃ as a starting material in a mixture of CH₄ (20%) and H₂ (80%) at 1150 K for 4 h, while partially oxidized WC surfaces were prepared by oxygen chemisorption on a clean WC surface at 200 K, then the temperatures were raised to 373 and 573 K respectively. The XPS of a freshly prepared WC reveals the presence of a small amount of WO₃ on the surface and a slightly higher concentration in the bulk. The oxygen-exposed fresh WC surfaces and surfaces treated at temperatures higher than 373 K show the presence of WO₃ in a considerable quantity depending on the length and the treatment temperature. Ar⁺ bombardment of this partially oxidized surface reduces WO₃ to WO₂ and W(0), while WC is partially reduced to W(0). Isomerization reactions of alkanes on oxygen-exposed WC surface occurs in reality on a composite surface structure containing WC, WO₃, WO₂ and elemental W(0).