Electrochemical properties of boron-carbon-nitride films formed by magnetron sputtering

The electrochemical behavior of B_1.0C_2.4N_1.0 thin film was investigated in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions. The anodic polarization curve of the film in 1 M NaOH showed the anodic dissolution of the film. The curve of the film in 1 M HCl showed no anodic dissolution. The cathodic polarization curve in 1 M NaCl showed shift to a negative potential side, but the anodic polarization curve was the same as that of Pt. The anodic dissolution in 1 M NaOH depended on potentials, that is, no anodic dissolution was recognized in a potential range of −0.2 to 0.1 V but the dissolution rate increased with increasing potential in a range of 0.1-0.6 V. The anodic current density of the film is directly proportional to the dissolution rate at potentials higher than 0.1 V. The dissolution rate of the film was increased with increasing solution pH.     

Gas-Chromatographic Analyses of the Subcaudal Gland Secretion of the European Badger (Meles meles) Part I: Chemical Differences Related to Individual Parameters

In many species, chemical signals are important in the context of intraspecific communication. European badgers (Meles meles) use the secretion of their subcaudal gland to mark both the environment and conspecifics. In this paper, we investigated the chemical composition of subcaudal gland secretions and how it varies among individuals according to group membership, season, sex, age, body condition, and reproductive status. We analyzed 66 samples by gas chromatography using a mass-spectrometer as detector. We found 110 different components, of which 21 were present in every profile. The chemical composition of the secretions proved to be highly individual-specific, but no single peak was found to be typical for one of the investigated categories (season, sex, etc.). Analyses of the relative area (% area) that every peak contributed to the overall profile area showed that, in general, group members have more similar profiles than do badgers from different groups. Composition varied over seasons and between sexes and was influenced by age, body condition, and reproductive status. We, therefore, conclude that the secretion not only encodes group membership and individuality as previously assumed, but might also convey information about fitness-related parameters.     

从包涵体中纯化重组人幽门螺杆菌尿素酶B亚单位

目的 建立一种有效的方法，从包涵体中纯化重组人幽门螺杆菌尿素酶B亚单位（rUreB）。方法重组大肠杆菌发酵后，表达的rUreB包涵体经洗涤、变性、复性，采用Q Sepharose Performance阴离子交换层析和Pheny1 Sepharose High Performance疏水层析分离纯化。使用 SDS－PAGE和HPLC检测纯度，选用 ELISA和 Western－bloning对纯化蛋白的生物学活性进行鉴定。结果 rUreB包涵体经洗涤和溶解后，rUreB的纯度＞70％。包涵体溶解液经阴离子交换层析和疏水层析后纯度超过95％。rUreB纯品具有良好的生物学活性。结论 建立了从包涵体中获得高纯度的rUreB的工艺，为进一步的研究打下了基础。     

广西古代陶器组成的研究

桂林甑皮岩遗址发现了距今９２４０－１０３７０年的陶片，证实了广西地区从新石器以来就成为我国古代陶器的发源地之一。本工作研究了广西出土的４４块陶片，测定了陶胎的化学和矿物组成。由此表面广西古陶的ＳｉＯ２含量随时代变迁而逐渐增加，而Ｆｅ２Ｏ３含量在明显下降，Ａｌ２Ｏ３的含量也有降低的趋势。     

Differently sized native milk fat globules separated by microfiltration: fatty acid composition of the milk fat globule membrane and triglyceride core

The aim of this study was to characterize the fatty acid composition of the core and membrane of differently sized milk fat globules separated by microfiltration, which can now be used to manufacture dairy products. Native milk fat globules of various mean diameters, ranging from d₄₃ = 2.3 µm to 8.0 µm, were obtained using microfiltration of raw whole milk. After milk fat globule washing, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and the triglyceride core (TC) were separated by manual churning. After total lipid extraction from each fraction, their fatty acid composition was characterized using methyl ester analysis by gas chromatography. Regardless of season, no significant differences were observed in the fatty acid composition of the MFGM phospholipids. Conversely, significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition of TC; particularly, small fat globule TC contained more medium‐chain fatty acids and less stearic acid than large fat globule TC. These results show that the previously observed differences in total fatty acid composition among differently sized milk fat globules are due to their triglyceride composition and MFGM amount rather than to the composition of the MFGM.     

Configurational statistics of copolymers prepared by complex-radical polymerization

Radical copolymerization is considered theoretically taking into account the effect of complexing on the configurational statistics of macromolecules formed. Akinetic model has been developed that considers, apart from the ordinary addition of single monomer units to a propagating chain, the possible addition of monomer unit pairs along with a complexing agent in the form of a ternary complex. Within the framework of this model, the problem of calculating the probabilities of formation of any sequences of monomer units (taking into account their microtacticity) in a macromolecule has been rigorously solved as well as the problem of finding the composition distribution of the copolymer formed. It has been shown that this distribution is described by a conventional Gauss law and the appropriate parameters are given. Possible generalizations of the suggested approach are indicated.     

陶瓷坯体增强剂聚丙烯酸钠在艺术瓷成形过程的应用

本文合成了一系列不同相对分子质量的聚丙烯酸钠,应用于艺术瓷的坯体中,研究了聚丙烯酸钠对艺术瓷坯体强度、变形率的影响,并对聚丙烯酸钠增强机理进行了探讨。结果表明:聚丙烯酸钠可有效地提高艺术瓷坯体的成形强度,减少了坯体的变形率,当增强剂c加入的质量分数为0.6%时,坯体的干燥强度增加率达167.5%,坯体的变形率从50%降低到10%。     

组成对分相-析晶乳浊釉显微结构及表面性质的影响

采用X射线衍射、透射电镜和扫描电镜等测试手段,研究了不同组成对分相-析晶乳浊釉显微结构及釉面性状的影响.研究表明:B2O3和P2O5能促进分相形成,并且由于分相具有很小的表面张力而使其液滴易于长大.适量引入CaO能使液滴尺寸增大,体积分数提高,但过量引入会由于析晶而使体积分数降低.控制分相液滴尺寸接近可见光波长以及使釉中析出适量钙钠长石晶体可获得最佳的乳浊效果,而液滴过大或过小都难以获得较佳的乳浊效果.     

设抗震增强体的桩基础力学特性的原位试验研究

在过去的大地震中,许多桩基础因强烈振动和地基变形而遭受结构性破坏,因而提出一种既可以应用于新建桩基础,也可以应用于现有桩基础的抗震加固方法,即采用地基加固技术在桩基础中设置抗震增强体,以与桩基础的钢筋混凝土承台形成双层抗弯结构。采用等比例模型原位水平载荷试验和振动试验以及开挖检查等方法,对抗震加固的力学特性和构建质量进行加固前后的对比研究,进而证实了该加固方法的有效性和可行性,为同类工程起到了一定的参考意义。     

Decomposition of timed automata for solving scheduling problems

A decomposition algorithm for scheduling problems based on timed automata (TA) model is proposed. The problem is represented as an optimal state transition problem for TA. The model comprises of the parallel composition of submodels such as jobs and resources. The procedure of the proposed methodology can be divided into two steps. The first step is to decompose the TA model into several submodels by using decomposable condition. The second step is to combine individual solution of subproblems for the decomposed submodels by the penalty function method. A feasible solution for the entire model is derived through the iterated computation of solving the subproblem for each submodel. The proposed methodology is applied to solve flowshop and jobshop scheduling problems. Computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared with a conventional TA scheduling algorithm without decomposition.