Outlook on fertilizer use efficiency in the tropics

In this paper efficiency of applied fertilizers under tropical conditions is examined. Understanding of the fertilizer efficiency is particularly important for the developing countries mainly because there is need for enhancement of crop yields at a reduced cost. Many of the soil, plant and climatic factors of the tropical regions that contribute to the efficiency of the applied fertilizers have been discussed. Many of the tropical soils are acidic in nature and in these soils efficiency of applied fertilizer is relatively poor, mainly because plant roots are unable to grow and function to their fullest extent in utilizing the soils available nutrients. To enhance yield potentials there is need for understanding of interaction between crop species and soil and climatic variables. Incorporation and adoptation of a suitable application time can greatly enhance efficiency of urea form of nitrogen. Research findings in tropical soils have shown that an initial broadcast application of P and subsequent band treatment is more effective than either method of application alone. Current crop yields in tropical countries are far below the known yield potentials. Such low production potentials are attributed to the lack of suitable crop germplasms and understanding of improved agronomic practices. Intensification of research activities in fertilizer use efficiency in tropical countries is suggested.Senior author formerly was a Research Advisor to EMBRAPA/IICA/World Bank Program in Brazil.     

Application of a rice field experimental error distribution function to nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer response model analysis

A distribution function of rice yield deviations from the mean was developed from field experiments with 555 plots at 16 sites in Zhejiang province, China, for three years. The deviation distribution in interval of 50kg/ha appeared as a symmetrical distribution with a high peak (Mean=0.279 [kg/ha], SD=240.686 [kg/ha]). Normality test using Kolmogrove-Smirnov test between the observed cumulative distribution and the normal cumulative distribution function indicates that the observed deviation distribution is not normal. An empirical exponential cumulative distribution function was developed. The distribution function was used to remove outliers during the development of a rice yield fertilizer response model, based on data from a non-replicated NPK field experiment.     

利用蓄电池废硫酸和硼泥制备高品质氢氧化镁

利用废铅酸蓄电池中的废硫酸作为浸取剂,对硼泥中的镁进行回收并制备出高品质的氢氧化镁产品。实验得出了酸浸硼泥的最佳工艺条件：酸浸温度为80℃;酸浸时间为30 min;酸用量为硫酸与硼泥质量比为1.2∶1。利用不同金属水解pH的不同,将酸浸过程中从硼泥和废硫酸中引入的杂质依次去除,得到精制硫酸镁溶液。由精制硫酸镁制取氢氧化镁的工艺条件为：常温下,沉淀剂为氨水,反应终点pH为11,反应时间为2 h,反应物在50℃下陈化12 h,过滤、洗涤后105℃烘干。实验考察了不同沉淀剂对氢氧化镁形貌的影响。所得氢氧化镁纯度在97%以上,粒径在0.1～1μm之间,各项指标均优于中国化工行业标准。     

硝酸磷肥中有效钙的提取与测定

对经特殊工艺试制的硝酸磷肥中总钙进行测定。用中性柠檬酸铵提取、草酸沉淀、高锰酸钾滴定 ,提取率达 88.3 %～ 91.7% ,测定值的标准偏差为 0 .11,回收率为 98.4%～ 10 1.9%。     

如何撰写肥料发明专利申请文件 第八讲 用废物、废料制造肥料申请文件的撰写

这一讲着重介绍了用废物、废料制造肥料的专利申请文件撰写中的几个问题。     

化肥行业走新型工业化道路的思考

2 0 0 2年我国化肥产量达 3 0 70万t,化肥消费量约 4 0 60万t,国产化肥占 80 %。预测我国化肥的需求量 2 0 0 5年为4 60 0万t,2 0 1 0年为 5 1 0 0万t,2 0 2 0年为 5 60 0万t。指出了目前我国化肥行业存在的问题 ,提出了关于总体发展目标和国家应采取的政策。     

烧结工艺对硼泥玻璃陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

以硼泥为主要原料对制备玻璃陶瓷工艺进行研究,实验中发现烧结温度和烧结时间对析晶相的成分影响较小,但玻璃陶瓷的表面形貌影响较大;当烧结温度高于析晶温度时,对晶体尺寸影响更大;根据不同烧结温度和烧结时间对玻璃陶瓷结构影响,找出适合的最佳烧结温度和烧结时间,其值为781℃,时间为4h。     

颗粒硫酸钾生产新工艺

介绍了硫酸钾肥料的施用现状，以及本工艺的主要原料、过程、特点和对农业生产的重要意义。给出了在曼海姆工艺基础上生产颗粒硫酸钾的温度、压力、活性物质添加量等条件。该工艺的最大特点是生产出来的粉状硫酸钾含水分极少，一般质量分数小于0．1％。     

硼矿制硼酸母液中硼含量的测定方法探讨

报道了笔者用水相直接显色型比色法测定硼酸母液中硼含量的实验和结果。     

关于高氮尿素磷肥工艺的试验研究

介绍一种用尿素生产高氮磷肥的新工艺 ,分析该工艺的技术参数和影响因素。新工艺克服了过磷酸钙和尿素直接相混时会释放出结晶水的局限性 ,所得产品不仅可以作为复肥生产的原料 ,而且可以直接喷浆造粒生产NP复肥 ,因而具有良好的实用性