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51.
Alon Ben David Ada Barnea Eran Diamant Eyal Dor Arieh Schwartz Amram Torgeman Ran Zichel 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(16)
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most poisonous substances in nature. Currently, the only therapy for botulism is antitoxin. This therapy suffers from several limitations and hence new therapeutic strategies are desired. One of the limitations in discovering BoNT inhibitors is the absence of an in vitro assay that correlates with toxin neutralization in vivo. In this work, a high-throughput screening assay for receptor-binding inhibitors against BoNT/A was developed. The assay is composed of two chimeric proteins: a receptor-simulating protein, consisting of the fourth luminal loop of synaptic vesicle protein 2C fused to glutathione-S-transferase, and a toxin-simulating protein, consisting of the receptor-binding domain of BoNT/A fused to beta-galactosidase. The assay was applied to screen the LOPAC1280 compound library. Seven selected compounds were evaluated in mice exposed to a lethal dose of BoNT/A. The compound aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) conferred 92% protection, whereas significant delayed time to death (p < 0.005) was observed for three additional compounds. Remarkably, ATA was also fully protective in mice challenged with a lethal dose of BoNT/E, which also uses the SV2 receptor. This study demonstrates that receptor-binding inhibitors have the potential to serve as next generation therapeutics for botulism, and therefore the assay developed may facilitate discovery of new anti-BoNT countermeasures. 相似文献
52.
A loop modeling method, adaptive simulated annealing, for ab initio prediction of protein loop structures, as an optimization problem of searching the global minimum of a given energy function, is proposed. An interface-friendly toolbox--LoopModeller in Windows and Linux systems, VC and OpenGL environments is developed for analysis and visualization. Simulation results of three short-chain neurotoxins modeled by LoopModeller show that the method proposed is fast and efficient. 相似文献
53.
目的 对57件市售婴幼儿配方奶粉、50件婴幼儿米粉进行梭状芽胞菌分离鉴定分析及毒素基因检测,获得梭状芽胞杆菌的污染水平数据,并评估各鉴定方法。方法 通过分离菌株的生长特性、革兰染色、普通显微镜下形态特征等表型特征,应用微生物飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）、16S rRNA基因测序技术、全基因组测序技术对分离菌株进行综合鉴定,通过PCR对分离的梭状芽胞杆菌进行肉毒毒素基因检测,对肉毒毒素基因PCR阳性片段进行测序和比对分析。结果 57份市售婴儿配方奶粉中有26份样品中检出38株梭状芽胞杆菌,其中9份样品中同时检出超过两种细菌。50份市售婴幼儿米粉中有5份样品检出5株梭状芽胞杆菌。奶粉中分离的一株楔形梭菌E型肉毒梭菌毒素基因PCR扩增阳性,扩增片段测序比对结果显示这段序列并不是E型肉毒梭菌毒素基因,全基因组测序结果也证实。43株梭状芽胞杆菌均未检出肉毒梭菌的毒素基因。结论 梭状芽胞杆菌鉴定需要多种方法的综合分析。市售婴幼儿配方奶粉、婴幼儿米粉中存在梭状芽胞杆菌的污染,应加强婴幼儿配方食品中重要梭状芽胞杆菌的监测,为风险评估提供数据支持。 相似文献
54.
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56.
肉毒毒素生物学活性的检测和肉毒中毒诊断方法的研究进展迅速,对食品检验、肉毒中毒实验室诊断、生物反恐和肉毒毒素制品的开发及应用具有十分重要的意义。本文就肉毒毒素生物学活性及肉毒中毒病原检测方法的研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
57.
Ta-Jen Hung Wei-Tang Chang Noboru Tomiya Yuan-Chuan Lee Hao-Teng Chang Chien-Jung Chen Ping-Hsueh Kuo Tan-chi Fan Margaret Dah-Tsyr Chang 《International journal of molecular sciences》2013,14(9):19067-19085
Human eosinophil derived neurotoxin (EDN), a granule protein secreted by activated eosinophils, is a biomarker for asthma in children. EDN belongs to the human RNase A superfamily possessing both ribonucleolytic and antiviral activities. EDN interacts with heparin oligosaccharides and heparin sulfate proteoglycans on bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the binding of EDN to cells requires cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and the binding strength between EDN and GAGs depends on the sulfation levels of GAGs. Furthermore, in silico computer modeling and in vitro binding assays suggest critical roles for the following basic amino acids located within heparin binding regions (HBRs) of EDN 34QRRCKN39 (HBR1), 65NKTRKN70 (HBR2), and 113NRDQRRD119 (HBR3) and in particular Arg35, Arg36, and Arg38 within HBR1, and Arg114 and Arg117 within HBR3. Our data suggest that sulfated GAGs play a major role in EDN binding, which in turn may be related to the cellular effects of EDN. 相似文献
58.
Aparna Dixit Syed Imteyaz Alam Ram Kumar Dhaked Lokendra Singh 《Journal of food science》2005,70(7):m367-m373
A Clostridium sp. RKD isolated from the intestine of decaying fish, showing 99% sequence identity with Clostridium tetani at a 16S rRNA level, produced a neurotoxin that was neutralized by botulinum antitoxin (A+B+E). It also showed an amplification of near‐expected size when polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using group‐ and type‐specific primers for botulinum neurotoxin type B. The isolate exhibited differences with both C. tetani and Clostridium botulinum with respect to phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxo‐nomic markers. Spore production was optimized with respect to media composition and stage of growth. Time‐dependant examination of sporulation revealed 2.6% to 49.0% spores in the late stationary phase culture when grown in different broth media. A simpler method for spore production and isolation from culture grown in tryptose sulfite cycloserine (TSC)/anaerobic agar sandwich resulted in >95% sporulation, which could be purified to near homogeneity by a simple 2‐step procedure. Thermal resistance of spores revealed a biphasic inactivation at lower temperatures with D values for linear inactivation varying from 26.6, 8.0, and 4.3 min at 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C, respectively. The z values of 7.86 °C and 10.47 °C were obtained in the linear and tail regions, respectively. The Weibull parameter b values at 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C were 27.38, 3.55, and 0.99, respectively, with a z’ value of 13.869 °C. The shape parameter n at 70 °C, 80 °C, and 90 °C were 0.63, 0.55, 0.45, respectively. Spores produced on 2 different media (cooked meat medium [CMM] and trypticase peptone yeast‐extract glucose [TPYG] agar) exhibited differences in heat resistance. The addition of lysozyme (50 jj.g/mL) before heat treatment resulted in increased thermal resistance of spores. 相似文献
59.
Sankar Marichamy Yirgalem Yigzaw Lo Gorton Bo Mattiasson 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2005,85(12):2027-2032
Six pure strains of obligate anaerobes capable of degrading the toxin β‐N‐oxalyl‐L ‐α, β‐diaminopropionic acid (β‐ODAP) contained in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) have been isolated from cow rumen. The new isolates were identified as Megasphaera elsdenii (five different genotypes) and Clostridium bifermentans using 16S rDNA analysis. The β‐ODAP degrading efficiency of the isolates was evaluated by measuring the amount of β‐ODAP in the growth medium, which contained β‐ODAP as the only carbon source, before and after incubation with the microbes. The method of analysis was liquid chromatography employing bioelectrochemical detection. The biosensor is based on co‐immobilising two enzymes, glutamate oxidase (GlOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), on the end of a spectrographic graphite electrode. β‐ODAP is oxidised by GlOx to form H2O2, which in turn is bioelectrocatalytically reduced by HRP through a mediated reaction using a polymeric mediator incorporating Os2 + /3+ functionalities rapidly shuttling electrons with the electrode_giving rise to the analytical signal. On the basis of this analysis system, the new isolates are capable of utilising β‐ODAP as sole carbon source to a maximum of 90–95% within 5 days with concomitant increase in cell protein. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
60.
The influence of inoculum size on the growth kinetics of Clostridium botulinum 56A and percentage of growth‐positive samples was studied in a complete factorial design with factors of inoculum size (1, 100, or 10,000 spores), pH, and sodium‐chloride concentration. Growth was followed hourly as change in A620. Polynomial regression was used to analyze the data. The time‐to‐detection and percent growth‐positive samples were significantly affected by inoculum size and its quadratic term. When inoculum size increased from 1 to 100 spores/sample, the percent growth‐positive samples increased, and the time‐to‐detection decreased. When the inoculum was 1000 spores/sample or higher, there was little additional effect. Inoculum size might influence results through simple probability or quorum sensing. The maximum growth rate was independent of inoculum levels. 相似文献