确保粮食安全和环境可持续发展的水土资源利用

主要讨论灌溉农业所面临的挑战.随着人均可用水量的不断下降,灌溉农业必须提高水资源利用效率,同时进一步采用有利于环境的经营和管理方式.灌溉界面临的压力是如何通过提高作物产量和用水效率来实现生产率的最大化.今后的发展方向是以更加高效率、有成效的方式利用水资源,而实现从"提高每滴水的粮食产量"向"少用水,多产粮"的转变,则有助于该目标的实现.为了尽可能减小外在因素的影响,将来的努力方向是在全面性和整体性上下工夫.     

粮食作物对化肥的需求分析

根据相关文献资料,综述化肥在保障我国粮食安全中的作用与贡献,分析与预测实现2010年、2015年、2020年粮食总产目标所需新增化肥的数量。根据近5年来我国粮食生产中出现的问题,指出要保障我国粮食安全,除了继续发展化肥工业,增加化肥用量之外,国家应采取其他相应措施,包括稳定粮食作物的种植面积(至少应维持在11 000万hm2水平);调整粮食价格,保护农民种粮积极性;改善农田基本生产条件,推行节水灌溉技术,促进粮食均衡增产;适度提高粮食净进口份额等等。单纯依靠增加化肥的投入,实现国内粮食供需平衡,不仅代价太大(包括资源、环境和成本代价),市场和农民也不一定能够接受。     

食品包装与环境

介绍了食品包装的类型和特点,分析了当前食品包装的生产、使用对环境所造成的影响,并提出了食品包装与环境协调发展的几点建议。     

Effects of exercising before versus after eating on dieting and exercise evaluations: A preliminary investigation.

Psychological processes may play a role in the evaluation of the effectiveness of exercise and subsequent food intake. In order to further investigate this phenomenon, the effects of the timing of exercise relative to an eating opportunity were evaluated. Female undergraduate participants who were of average weight and did not exercise regularly were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (exercise before eating [n = 10], exercise after eating [n = 11], or no exercise [n = 12]). Expectations of the effectiveness of the exercise, value of dieting, and intake were assessed. Participants who exercised after eating had higher expectations of the effectiveness of the exercise than those who exercised before eating, while those who exercised before eating reported valuing dieting more than controls. No effects on intake emerged; therefore, there appears to be a disconnect between dieting appraisals and actual eating behaviour. The results are discussed in relation to theories on conflicting goals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

短纤维链板式松弛热定型机流场的研究

分析了链板式松弛热定型机的结构及运行特点;通过对链板式松弛热定型机的冷态测试实验,获得了热定型机内部流场气流的速度分布数据,以探讨热定型机内部流场的特点。结果表明:在纤维层上部存在着明显的气流不均匀现象,匀风板上部具有高速气流区;指出热定型风板开孔不合理,导致纤维层上部气流分布不均匀,气流短路使得散热器下部流场分布不均匀;提出改善热定型机匀风板的开孔率,可实现均匀布风的初步方案。     

An enzyme immunoassay for nisin

The development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for nisin using polyclonal antiserum is described. The method has a limit of detection of 1.9 X 10⁻² i.u. ml⁻¹ and correlates well with the bioassay. Its use in the analysis of commercial processed cheese samples is described and the results obtained compared with those from the bioassay.     

电信BS架构系统迁移及云化研究

深入分析了电信BS架构系统迁移的相关问题及解决方案,并对BS架构系统IaaS及PaaS云化方案进行了研究,提出了两种IaaS和一种PaaS解决方案,能有效地解决电信BS架构系统Web及应用层云化相关问题,同时给出了迁移及云化演进路径和分阶段推进建议,对于推进云计算在IT支撑系统中的应用,具有较好的价值贡献。     

智慧溯源系统构筑食品安全懿“防护墙”

食品安全问题日益成为全社会关注的话题,人们也在不断地探寻解决食品安全问题的各种途径和方法。本文结合物联网的智能标签、智能感知、智能控制与反馈的特征,在食品安全领域提出了食品智慧溯源的思想,将物联网应用于食品溯源中,使溯源系统有了“神经末梢”、“神经中枢和大脑”以及和用户的“对话”能力,提高了食品溯源能力,为食品安全构筑了一道坚固的“防护墙”。     

Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for simultaneous detection of DNA from sunflower,poppy, flaxseed,sesame and soy allergenic ingredients in commercial food products

This work describes a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technique for the simultaneous detection of five food allergens: sunflower, poppy, flaxseed, sesame and soy. Species-specific MLPA half-probes were designed to detect the DNA from the targeted species. Ligated probes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplicons were detected using capillary electrophoresis. The specificity of the MLPA system was assessed against DNA from more than 50 plant and animal species. The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was determined to be 10 mg kg⁻¹in a model cookie experimentally spiked with different concentrations of the target species. The applicability of the MLPA was demonstrated through the analysis of 56 different commercial products (breads, pastries, cereals, chocolates, drinks, etc.), evidencing the presence of one or more undeclared allergenic ingredients in some of the tested samples. Real-time PCR assays were also performed to confirm and complement MLPA results. The MLPA technique has proved as a qualified screening tool for determining the presence of low amounts of sunflower, poppy, flaxseed, sesame and soy in processed foods.