Plant Cell Walls as Dietary Fibre: Range,Structure, Processing and Function

The ingestion of dietary fibre has been correlated with the prevention of many health-threatening diseases and cancers. Plant cell walls are the major source of dietary fibre and this review investigates the relationship between the structure of different types of plant cell walls and their beneficial effects. The effects of processing and cooking on dietary fibre are also examined. Structure–function relationships between individual cell wall components and the beneficial effects of dietary fibre are not well defined and it may be that the physical, physiochemical and topochemical properties of plant cell walls and their components are also important.     

Glial Modulation of Energy Balance: The Dorsal Vagal Complex Is No Exception

The avoidance of being overweight or obese is a daily challenge for a growing number of people. The growing proportion of people suffering from a nutritional imbalance in many parts of the world exemplifies this challenge and emphasizes the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate nutritional balance. Until recently, research on the central regulation of food intake primarily focused on neuronal signaling, with little attention paid to the role of glial cells. Over the last few decades, our understanding of glial cells has changed dramatically. These cells are increasingly regarded as important neuronal partners, contributing not just to cerebral homeostasis, but also to cerebral signaling. Our understanding of the central regulation of energy balance is part of this (r)evolution. Evidence is accumulating that glial cells play a dynamic role in the modulation of energy balance. In the present review, we summarize recent data indicating that the multifaceted glial compartment of the brainstem dorsal vagal complex (DVC) should be considered in research aimed at identifying feeding-related processes operating at this level.     

Kinome-Wide Profiling Identifies Human WNK3 as a Target of Cajanin Stilbene Acid from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.

Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is a common food crop used in many parts of the world for nutritional purposes. One of its chemical constituents is cajanin stilbene acid (CSA), which exerts anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. In an effort to identify molecular targets of CSA, we performed a kinome-wide approach based on the measurement of the enzymatic activities of 252 human kinases. The serine-threonine kinase WNK3 (also known as protein kinase lysine-deficient 3) was identified as the most promising target of CSA with the strongest enzymatic activity inhibition in vitro and the highest binding affinity in molecular docking in silico. The lowest binding affinity and the predicted binding constant pKi of CSA (−9.65 kcal/mol and 0.084 µM) were comparable or even better than those of the known WNK3 inhibitor PP-121 (−9.42 kcal/mol and 0.123 µM). The statistically significant association between WNK3 mRNA expression and cellular responsiveness to several clinically established anticancer drugs in a panel of 60 tumor cell lines and the prognostic value of WNK3 mRNA expression in sarcoma biopsies for the survival time of 230 patients can be taken as clues that CSA-based inhibition of WNK3 may improve treatment outcomes of cancer patients and that CSA may serve as a valuable supplement to the currently used combination therapy protocols in oncology.     

渗透汽化在醇/水分离中的应用

一种新型的膜分离技术即渗透汽化技术逐渐在食品工业中得到应用.该文简要介绍了渗透汽化原理和渗透汽化分离膜,着重论述了渗透汽化技术在食品工业中醇/水分离方面的应用研究.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定植物性富硒食品中7种硒元素形态的含量

目的 考察微波辅助下酶解法的提取效果, 基于动态反应池(dynamic reaction cell, DRC), 建立高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, HPLC-ICPMS)同时测定植物性富硒食品中7种硒元素(硒酸根、亚硒酸根、硒代胱氨酸、L-硒甲基硒代半胱氨酸、L-硒代蛋氨酸、甲基亚硒酸、硒代乙硫氨酸)形态的含量。方法 样品经微波辅助胰蛋白酶酶解, 高速离心后取上清液过水相滤膜。采用HPLC-ICPMS仪, 以甲烷为反应气体DRC模式消除质谱干扰, 内标校正, 以外标法进行定量分析。优化色谱和质谱条件, 从酶的种类、酶的用量、萃取温度、萃取时间、加标回收率等方面考察前处理方法对待测物的提取效果。结果 7种目标物在0.5~100 μg/L范围内呈良好线性关系, 相关系数r均大于0.9998, 平均回收率为91.45%~102.75%, 检出限为0.10~0.30 μg/kg, 定量限为0.30~0.90 μg/kg, 日间日内精密度(n=6)分别小于5%和9%。结论 该方法准确、灵敏, 适用于食品中7种硒元素形态的同时检测。     

绵毛嗜热丝孢菌(Thermomyces lanuginosus)木聚糖酶对面包品质的改善

研究了绵毛嗜热丝孢菌(Thermomyces lanuginosus)W205耐热木聚糖酶的添加量对面包品质及老化的影响。结果表明,添加2·5~5mg/kg纯酶为较适酶添加量。在此添加量下,面包比容增加17%,面包瓤硬度与高径比略为下降,面包内部质构明显提高,老化速率放缓。     

低聚异麦芽糖在面包中的应用

低聚异麦芽糖具有良好的理化性质．如溶解性好、耐酸、耐热、糊精含量低等，同时还具有促进腩道内有益菌群——双歧轩菌等的增殖、预防龋齿等生理功能，是一种集营养、保健、疗效于一身的功能性低聚糖。研究了商品低聚异麦芽糖的部分理化特性，如甜度、耐酸性、耐热性、可溶性固形物、pH值、水分活度等，并探讨了低聚异麦芽糖在面包中的应用用低泉异麦芽糖产品部分代替蔗糖，应用于面包生产中，不仅质量较好，而且可以生产出新的功能性食品．     

Simultaneous determination of three pesticides and their metabolites in unprocessed foods using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

We have developed a rapid, multi-compound analytical method for measuring residues of the pesticides thiamethoxam and its metabolite, clothianidin; fipronil and its three metabolites, fipronil sulfone, fipronil sulfide, and fipronil desulfinyl; and pyraclostrobin in unprocessed foods (rice, corn, cucumbers, tomatoes, apples, and bananas) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Acetonitrile was used as the extraction solvent, and an octadecylsilane-dispersive SPE was used to clean up the analytes, which were then separated through a UPLC HSS T3 column connected to a tandem mass spectrometer via an electrospray ionisation source. The linearity of this method for the target analytes was excellent (R² ≥0.990) in the concentration range of 5–1000 μg kg^–1. The average recoveries of the seven compounds at concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 μg kg^–1 from six spiked matrix samples ranged from 73.6 to 110.6%, all with RSD values of ≤19.7%. The limit of quantification was 10 μg kg^–1. The method validated the effectiveness of the method for routine monitoring the residue of these pesticides and their metabolites in foods.     

燕麦高纤食品基料在挂面中的应用

把燕麦高纤食品基料应用在挂面中,研究了燕麦高纤食品基料添加量为10％、20％、30％以及加入添加剂时,对燕麦高纤挂面质量指标、感官品质、加工性能的影响。