活性干酵母在杨梅酒酿制中的应用

研究了活性干酵母应用于发酵型杨梅酒的特性。试验结果表明 ,SO2 浓度和活性干酵母的添加量显著影响杨梅酒的发酵速率和口感。文中采用了单因素发酵性能试验和比较试验。结果表明 ,当发酵用杨梅原汁SO2 质量浓度在 5 0～ 10 0mg/L ,活性干酵母的添加量在10 6 ～ 10 7/mL条件下 ,杨梅汁发酵迅速 ,得到的酒液品质与使用As 14 5 0鲜酵母发酵得到的杨梅酒相近 ,口感较佳。活性干酵母适用于杨梅果酒的酿造     

26S rDNA序列分析法鉴定开菲尔发酵液中的酵母菌

利用26S r DNA D1/D2区序列分析法鉴定了内蒙古牧区传统开菲尔发酵液中的酵母菌,为筛选可发酵特色乳酒的酵母菌奠定基础。对所分离纯化得的酵母菌进行菌落特征和细胞显微形态区分,在形态鉴定基础上,选择代表菌进行26S r DNA D1/D2区序列分子鉴定。结果表明,共分离到36株酵母菌,形态聚类为5类,经DNA提取、26S r DNA D1/D2区PCR扩增、酶切、基因序列分析和同源性比对,鉴定为5种分子类型的酵母菌,分别为胶红酵母菌(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa)、诞沫假丝酵母菌(Candida zeylanoides)、发酵毕赤酵母菌(Pichia fermentans)、酿酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、有孢圆酵母菌(Torulaspora delbrueckii)。传统开菲尔发酵液中分离到的酿酒酵母,具有可发酵特色乳酒的潜质。     

紫外线诱变法进行呼吸缺陷型酵母的选育研究

呼吸缺陷型酵母突变株是一类线粒体DNA发生突变的茵株，具有特殊的酒精代谢能力．因此在发酵产业的发展中起到了重要的作用。本文通过对野生型酵母菌进行紫外诱变，获取了呼吸缺陷型酵母突变体．通过正交试验确定诱变的最佳工艺为：照射剂量为15W、照射距离为22cm、照射时间为2min。本文对6株呼吸缺陷型酵母突变体进行了酒精发酵的酒精产量测定，试验得出野生型酒精产量平均值为9．441g／mL。而呼吸缺陷型酒精产量为9．468g／mL，从而得到了酒精高产菌株。     

富含S-腺苷甲硫氨酸面包酵母的发酵工艺优化

对摇瓶发酵生产富含S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的面包酵母的培养条件和培养基成分进行了优化,单因子实验结果表明,发酵最适pH值为5.0,最适装液量为70/250 mL,最佳接种量为2%。正交优化实验结果表明,最佳培养基成分为12°Brix糖蜜,另加酵母粉6.667g/L,(NH4)2SO4 2.829g/L,MgSO4 0.2g/L,ZnSO4 0.1g/L,KH2PO4 1g/L,在该条件下,S-腺苷甲硫氨酸产量为14.26 mg/L,含量为1.64 mg/g,分别提高了76.5%和84.3%。     

低产乙醛啤酒酵母的定向驯化筛选

为降低啤酒中乙醛含量,采用紫外线对1株啤酒工业生产菌株MI4进行诱变,经双硫仑平板初筛、乙醛培养基驯化复筛,获得了1株低产乙醛的啤酒酵母D-A-14。与出发菌株MI4相比,采用该突变株酿制的啤酒中乙醛含量为2.86 mg/L,降低了76%;且高级醇总量降低而酯含量升高,风味更加协调。这表明筛选得到的低乙醛突变株适于啤酒工业生产。     

啤酒酵母改良途径

啤酒酵母的改良途径有：诱变选育，选择自发突变株，无外源遗传损伤，较稳定，但突变频率低，需富集，诱变菌株可提高乙醇耐受性和耐糖度，从而提高发酵度，杂交育种，可育成抗嗜杀酵母的啤酒酵母，原生质体融合可培育出糖化型啤酒酵母，选育提高酵母凝絮性的菌株，以及培育新菌株。通过基因工程可培育出降低双乙酰的酵母，提高生香物质的酵母，降解大分子蛋白质的酵母及分解葡聚糖的酵母等。     

利用啤酒废酵母生产1,6-二磷酸果糖发酵工艺的研究

啤酒废酵母生产1,6 -二磷酸果糖发酵工艺进行了实验性探讨。正交试验结果表明:发酵液中氯化镁的浓度、pH是1,6 - 二磷酸果糖生产最主要的影响因素。最佳发酵参数为发酵温度37℃,葡萄糖浓度0.4mol/L,磷酸盐浓度0.4mol/L,pH6.5,有机溶剂的加量约6%。发酵液中1,6 -二磷酸果糖的量最高可达70.5mg/mL。     

野生猕猴桃果酒酵母的筛选鉴定及耐受性的研究

文中主要筛选适合野生猕猴桃果酒发酵的酵母.通过显微镜观察和WL培养基的颜色变化,初筛出酵母菌136株.采用杜氏管发酵法,CO2失重比较法,猕猴桃果汁发酵法等从中复筛出两株发酵能力好、絮凝能力强、产香较好的菌株:YM-7和YM-210,初步鉴定均为酵母属的酿酒酵母.对YM-7菌种进行了耐受性研究,结果表明YM-7对葡萄糖、酒精度、酸度、NaC1和SO2具有较高耐受性,可作为野生猕猴桃发酵专用菌种或选育野生猕猴桃专用菌种的出发菌株.     

产硫化氢低的葡萄酒酵母的选育

使用EMS对出发菌株C I进行诱变,通过蛋氨酸抗性平板,筛选出了一株产硫化氢低、产谷胱甘肽高的突变株M6;M6的基本发酵性能与出发菌株C I相差不大,但GSH的生成量比C I提高了47.7%,H2S的生成量比出发菌株C I降低了36.3%.     

Detection of endogenous Snf1 and its activation state: application to Saccharomyces and Candida species

The stress-response Snf1 protein kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as a powerful model for studies of the eukaryotic Snf1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family. Central to studies of Snf1 are methods that determine its activation state under various physiological and genetic conditions. Here, we have developed a convenient and sensitive method for immunoblot analysis of endogenous yeast Snf1 and its activation-loop threonine (Thr210) phosphorylation. The method employs readily obtainable reagents and yields results that faithfully reflect the environmental and genetic conditions tested. Using our method, we have obtained evidence that Snf1 remains stress-regulated in reg1 Delta cells, revealing the existence of a Snf1 signalling mechanism(s) that is independent of Reg1-PP1 phosphatase. In addition to strains of common laboratory S. cerevisiae backgrounds, we have applied the method to two pathogenic Candida species, C. glabrata and C. albicans. We have detected proteins whose gel mobilities, immune properties and regulation patterns are consistent with those expected for the corresponding Snf1 homologues. Because Snf1 activation is a sensitive marker of several types of stress, including artifactual stresses associated with common cell harvesting and protein extraction procedures, the convenient and efficient protein extraction method described here should be advantageous for SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analyses of stress-regulated and other proteins from various yeast species.