辽宁省鸡源空肠弯曲菌耐药性监测与分析

目的了解辽宁省内鸡源空肠弯曲杆菌耐药性情况。方法采用特异性选择培养基分离出空肠弯曲菌,并使用生化反应和分子生物学方法双重方法进行鉴定,并进行耐药性分析。结果采集的辽宁省某屠宰场的鸡盲肠共198份样品,分离鉴定得到60株空肠弯曲菌,分离率为30.3%。同时对60株空肠弯曲菌进行了药物敏感性检测。结论 60株空肠弯曲菌几乎均对红霉素、庆大霉素、克林霉素和萘啶酸耐药,其MIC90值均高于所测试的最高药物浓度。空肠弯曲杆菌氟苯尼考和泰利霉素的敏感性最强。     

烘烤条件对鸡肉糜脯品质影响的研究

以鸡肉为原料,研究鸡肉糜脯工艺中的烘烤环节对终产品色泽、硬度和感官等品质的影响。通过正交实验,确定了鸡肉糜脯烘烤的最佳工艺条件是烘制温度为60℃,烘制结束水分为42%,烤制温度为120℃,烤制结束水分含量为25%。通过极差分析可知:最终水分含量对色泽、硬度和感官结果的影响都是最大的。     

Effect of Echinacea purpurea L. on oxidative status and meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers

BACKGROUND: Echinacea purpurea L. (EP) is a popular herbal antioxidant and immunomodulator. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of EP on meat quality and oxidative status in broilers. Two hundred and fifty (1‐day‐old) male broilers (Arbor Acres) were randomly allocated to five groups including the control (corn‐soybean meal diet) and 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% EP powder groups, with two replicates per treatment group. RESULTS: The results indicated that the addition of 0.5% and 1.0% EP significantly increased water‐holding capacity and decreased storage loss of breast and thigh fillets at 35 days old. For fillet colour, L* (lightness) values were lower, and a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values were higher with EP supplementation. Lower crude fat contents were observed in EP groups in comparison with control at 35 days of age in breast and thigh fillets, respectively. Production of malondialdehyde was slightly reduced in serum of EP supplemented birds compared to the control group. Results for Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly higher for the 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% EP supplemental groups than control group in serum. Liver and spleen tissues results showed that the antioxidative enzymes activities were higher with EP powder at 35 days of age. CONCLUSION: Dried EP can be used as a feed additive to improve the meat quality and oxidative status in Arbor Acres broilers. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Growth performance,nutrient digestibility and immune response of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with a culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus

BACKGROUND: Probiotics are being developed for use in animal feed to enhance production performance and prevention of gastrointestinal infections. The ban on using antibiotics as growth promoters, antibiotic resistance and the inherent problems of developing new vaccines make a compelling case for developing alternatives for in‐feed antibiotics. The alternatives of choice have to be considered under the environmental conditions of the animal. Among the probiotics in use today, Lactobacillus has been shown to play a vital role in disease prevention, immune enhancement, improved growth and carcass yield in poultry. The present study investigates the effect of Lactobacillus bulgaricus (LB)‐based probiotic on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broilers under tropical environmental conditions. RESULTS: Broilers fed LB diets consumed more feed (P < 0.05) and had greater body weight gain than the control group. Feed/gain ratio improved significantly (P < 0.05) with the 20, 40 and 60 mg kg^?1 LB diets compared with the control or 80 mg kg^?1 LB diet. The apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and fat increased with LB supplementation. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in fibre digestibility. White blood cell count increased significantly in broilers fed higher levels (>40 mg kg^?1) of LB compared with the control group. Antibody production measured as antibody titre against Newcastle disease vaccine showed a curvilinear response over the range of LB concentrations examined. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that LB addition to broiler chick diets significantly improved growth performance, increased nutrient digestibility and stimulated humoral immune response. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

五种单体酶配伍对肉仔鸡生长性能及非淀粉多糖消化率的影响

研究在小麦基础日粮中添加五种单体酶制剂(木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、植酸酶和甘露聚糖酶)对1～21日龄肉仔鸡生长性能和非淀粉多糖(NSP)消化率的影响。试验将624只1日龄肉仔鸡按均匀设计方法随机分成13组,其中第13组为对照组,各处理组日粮为上述五种单体酶制剂的不同配伍添加在基础日粮中组成。结果表明,五种单体酶制剂的不同配伍能不同程度提高肉仔鸡生长性能和NSP的消化率。其最佳的配伍水平为:木聚糖酶450 u·kg-1、β-葡聚糖酶47 u·kg-1、纤维素酶333 u·kg-1、植酸酶135u·kg-1、甘露聚糖酶153 u·kg-1。     

Performance comparison of free and immobilised chicken liver esterase inhibited by four different pesticides

BACKGROUND: In enzyme inhibition‐based biosensors for the detection of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, the biological element is the immobilised esterase which is inhibited selectively by the pesticides. The free chicken liver esterase, which possesses comparable inhibition response to the pesticides as AChE, has been reported. However, the responses to the pesticides are different between the free and immobilised enzyme due to the diffusion limitation. Therefore, in this study four typical pesticides were selected to compare the ability of free and (ion exchange) immobilised chicken enzyme for pesticide detection and reasons for the difference were investigated. RESULTS: For dichlorvos and malathion at a concentration of 0.1 mg L^?1, the inhibition of the immobilised enzyme was 26.98% and 48.72%, respectively, higher than that for the free enzyme, while the percentage inhibition of free and immobilised enzyme differed very little for trichlorfon at 0.1 mg L^?1. In the meantime, carbaryl at a concentration of 2.5 mg L^?1 showed a 17.72% inhibition for immobilised enzyme which was 13.64% higher than that for the free enzyme. The Michaelis constant of immobilised enzyme was lower than that of the free one and suitable pH values for the free and immobilised enzyme were 7.5 and 8.0, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of chicken liver esterase to the pesticide inhibition could be improved by immobilisation. Smaller K_m and a lower pH for the micro‐environment of immobilised enzyme should result in higher percentage inhibition compared with that of the free enzyme. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

L-肉碱对肉鸡腹脂沉积的影响及作用机理探讨

选用 4 80羽 1日龄Avain肉鸡 ,随机分成 4个处理组 ,分别饲喂添加 0、2 5、5 0、75 (mg/kg)L -肉碱的试验饲粮 4 9d ,研究L -肉碱对肉鸡腹脂沉积的影响及其作用机理。结果表明 :不同水平L -肉碱对肝重比率和肝脂含量均无明显影响 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但添加 5 0mg/kg和 75mg/kgL -肉碱均显著地降低了肉鸡腹脂重比率(P <0 .0 5 )。添加 5 0mg/kg和 75mg/kgL -肉碱使腹脂中激素敏感脂酶的总活力增强 (P <0 .0 3) ,苹果酸脱氢酶的总活力降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;使胸肌中总肉碱含量 (P <0 .0 5 )、酸不溶肉碱含量 (P <0 .0 1)及其与游离肉碱含量的比值 (P <0 .0 3)增高 ;使血清中总肉碱 (P <0 .0 1)、游离脂肪酸 (P <0 .0 1)和肌酸酐浓度 (P <0 .0 3)提高 ,甘油三酯浓度降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。上述结果提示 :L -肉碱通过改变鸡体内脂肪代谢相关酶的活力 ,促进脂肪酸的氧化利用 ,而产生降低腹脂沉积的效果     

烧鸡的防腐与保鲜

实验以烧鸡鸡肉为原材料,对烧鸡的防腐保鲜进行初步研究。根据培养条件培养鸡肉细菌来做抑菌试验,通过对不同防腐保鲜液的抑菌实验,筛选出最佳保鲜液;再结合真空包装和微波杀菌的保鲜方法,进行贮藏。结果表明:最佳复合保鲜剂配方为Nisin浓度0.05,溶菌酶浓度0.05,双乙酸钠浓度1的保鲜液。将烧鸡鸡肉浸泡于此保鲜液中60s,再进行真空包装和微波杀菌,在36℃条件下,至少可保藏11d,其微生物、感官指标均在国标允许范围内,可以有效延长鸡肉的保质期。     

啤酒废酵母酶解液制备鸡肉味香精的研究

以富含氨基酸的啤酒废酵母酶解液为主要氨基酸源,外加半胱氨酸、半胱氨酸盐酸盐、甘氨酸、硫胺素等,与还原糖进行Maillard反应制备鸡肉味香精。以产物的风味评分值作为评价指标,采用中心复合设计法对反应工艺进行了优化。研究结果表明,反应温度（X1）和pH（X3）对评价指标无显著影响（P〉0.1）,反应时间（X2）对评价指标有显著影响（P〈0.1）;拟合所得多元二次方程为Y=7.744-0.722X2-1.865X12-1.423X22-0.946X23;Maillard反应优化工艺条件为：温度121.9℃,反应时间50min,pH6.4。所制备的鸡肉味香精有浓郁的鸡肉香味,用GS-MS对鸡肉味香精的挥发性风味成分进行测定,共鉴定出40种化合物,主要包括2-甲基-3呋喃硫醇、2,4-癸二烯醛、2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪、十六烷醛等对鸡肉风味有贡献的化合物。     

石家庄市零售鸡肉样品中弓形杆菌污染调查

目的调查石家庄市零售鸡肉中弓形杆菌的污染情况,为石家庄市弓形杆菌分布特征和防控提供基础数据支持。方法从石家庄市市内四区的菜市场、超市、连锁肉店随机购买零售鸡肉样品90份,应用驱动增强动力双孔滤膜法从样品中分离培养弓形杆菌,利用弓形杆菌多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测及测序的方法对分离菌株进行种属鉴定,利用16S rDNA、rpoB基因测序的方法验证菌种鉴定结果。结果 90份鸡肉样品中,60份样品检出弓形杆菌86株,其中嗜低温弓形杆菌49株、布氏弓形杆菌37株,弓形杆菌检出率为66.67%(60/90)。60份阳性样品中,嗜低温弓形杆菌阳性样品45份(75.00%),布氏弓形杆菌阳性样品35份(58.33%)。嗜低温弓形杆菌和布氏弓形杆菌混合感染阳性样品20份,占比为22.22%(20/90)。不同采样点弓形杆菌检出率有较大差异。结论石家庄市零售鸡肉中弓形杆菌污染较重,嗜低温弓形杆菌污染率高于布氏弓形杆菌,两种弓形杆菌混合污染样品率较高。