马齿苋提取物对鲜切苹果褐变的影响

酶促褐变是影响鲜切果蔬品质及商业价值的关键问题之一。为探究马齿苋提取物在果蔬保鲜方面的应用价值,以鲜切苹果为研究材料,采用质量分数0.05%马齿苋提取物溶液浸泡鲜切苹果5min,在(4±1)℃存放8d。以鲜切苹果的褐变指数、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活力、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)活力、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活力、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活力、丙二醛(malondiadehyde,MDA)含量、抗坏血酸含量以及DPPH自由基清除能力为评价指标,分析马齿苋提取物对鲜切苹果褐变及贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:与蒸馏水对照组相比,马齿苋提取物溶液处理能有效抑制鲜切苹果的褐变程度,在降低POD、PPO和PAL活力方面也有明显效果,能够在保证膜完整性的基础上减少细胞膜出现的损伤。相关性分析表明:鲜切苹果的褐变指数与CAT活力、抗坏血酸含量、DPPH自由基清除能力呈现极显著负相关(P<0.01),与MDA含量、PPO活力、POD活力、总酚含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。马齿苋提取物溶液处理的鲜切苹果抗褐变效果较好,同时贮藏后鲜切苹果的抗氧化能力也有一定提高。     

李光杏干制过程护色剂优化及非酶褐变分析

为了改善李光杏传统干制过程中的色泽及探讨非酶褐变有关主要物质变化规律.以新疆李光杏为研究试材,分析研究柠檬酸、植酸、L-半胱氨酸对李光杏干制品色泽的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,以L*值为指标,通过Box-Benhnken试验,确定最适浸渍浓度,研究了复合护色剂处理的李光杏干制过程中抗坏血酸、总酚、游离氨基酸、还原糖含量...     

蓝靛果汁加工过程中褐变机理及防控技术

目的:探究蓝靛果汁在加工过程中的褐变反应机理。方法:测定蓝靛果汁在杀菌过程中褐变度、维生素C(V_C)含量、5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)含量的变化，并进行动力学模型拟合；优化蓝靛果汁褐变抑制工艺条件，并测定优化后蓝靛果汁在4,25,37℃下贮藏30 d过程中微生物、理化、感官指标的变化。结果:褐变度、V_C含量、5-HMF含量变化分别符合联合、一级、零级反应动力学模型。最优褐变抑制工艺条件为葡萄糖氧化酶添加量0.21%、作用温度39℃、作用时间45 min,此条件下果汁非酶褐变抑制率为95.13%。蓝靛果汁在4℃下测试指标变化相对迟缓，贮藏末期，其菌落总数<100 CFU/mL,可溶性固形物、总酚、花色苷、V_C、还原糖含量相对较高，分别为14.15%、262.02 g/100 g、380.50 mg/L、65.37 mg/L、9.62 g/100 g,感官评分为82.3分，具有蓝靛果的果香与果味、颜色均一、质地均匀。结论:试验方法显著抑制了蓝靛果汁在贮藏期间的褐变。     

Structural changes of cellulosic polysaccharides in sesame kernels during roasting

This study investigated the structural changes of sesame kernel cellulosic polysaccharides during roasting and identified the volatile products produced from the degradation of cellulosic polysaccharides. The results showed that rhamnose and galacturonic acid of cellulosic polysaccharides were more susceptible to non-enzymatic browning reaction than glucose. The degradation of cellulosic polysaccharides in the roasting temperature range of 180–220°C resulted in decreasing in their molecular weight from 163 270 to 125 477 Da. The crystallinity increased from 16.4% to 32.5% revealing that mainly the amorphous regions of cellulosic polysaccharides were degraded during roasting. In addition, the volatiles from degradation of the amorphous region were rich in aldehydes (10.17–33.33%) and furans (12.84–41.55%). This study provides a new perspective for improving the quality of sesame kernel products in the food industry.