甜荞麦麸皮蛋白质提取工艺研究

以甜荞麦麸皮为原料,分别以碱法和盐法提取蛋白质.通过单因素实验和正交试验,探讨了不同因素对蛋白质提取率的影响,确定了最佳提取参数.结果表明,碱法和盐法提取蛋白质的等电点分别为3.8和4.2.碱法提取蛋白质的最优条件为:pH 10.5,料液比1∶25,温度45℃,时间4h,在此条件下提取率高达70.5%.盐法提取蛋白质的最优条件为:pH 7.8,NaCl浓度0.3mol/L,料液比1∶20,温度45℃,时间1.5h,此条件下的提取率高达57.3%.     

荞麦蛋白-木糖接枝物的制备及性质

通过美拉德反应对荞麦蛋白进行改性,对荞麦蛋白-木糖接枝物的制备及其性质进行研究。在湿热条件下,利用美拉德反应制备荞麦蛋白-木糖接枝物。通过正交试验优化接枝物的制备条件,荞麦蛋白与木糖按1∶5的质量比、在50℃下反应120min,接枝度可达到49.24%。性质测定表明,接枝物的溶解度较荞麦蛋白提高了约25%,乳化性提高了约30%,乳化稳定性提高了约11%。     

In vitro DNA damage protection and anti‐inflammatory effects of Tartary buckwheats (Fagopyrum tataricum L. Gaertn) fermented by filamentous fungi

The present work was designed to investigate the phenolic profiles, DNA damage protection and anti‐inflammatory effects of Tartary buckwheat fermented by Rhizopus oryzae 40469, Rhizopus oryzae 40503 and Rhizopus oligosporus 3152. Six phenolic compounds were characterised and quantified. Regardless of fermentation, rutin was the dominant phenolic substance in Tartary buckwheat. Fermentation significantly enhanced total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as DNA scission protection. Rhizopus oryzae 40469‐fermented sample had the highest content of phenolics, while R. oligosporus 3152‐fermented sample had the strongest inhibitory effect on DNA scission. Tartary buckwheat, regardless of fermentation, inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, the sample fermented with R. oryzae 40503 had the strongest inhibitory activity. Those results indicated that fermented Tartary buckwheat has potential applications as a novel nutraceutical or functional food for preventing DNA damage‐induced disease and inflammation.     

Buckwheat trypsin inhibitor enters Hep G2 cells by clathrin-dependent endocytosis

Recombinant buckwheat trypsin inhibitor (rBTI) was studied to evaluate if it could enter cancer cells and to determine the mechanism. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled buckwheat trypsin inhibitor (FITC-BTI) entered Hep G2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. FITC-BTI colocalised with labelled transferrin (Tf) in the punctate structure, implying that rBTI enters Hep G2 cells by clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Incubation of Hep G2 cells with different chemical inhibitors abolished diffuse, but not punctate fluorescence, thus indicating that membrane potential plays a critical role in this process. Impairment of clathrin-mediated endocytosis by RNAi with clathrin heavy chain greatly reduced or completely abolished both diffuse and punctate fluorescence, further supporting a theory of a single route of endocytosis. Consistent with our working hypothesis, Hep G2 cells which were arrested in the M phase did not show any vesicular or diffuse FITC-BTI. We conclude from these results that both endocytosis and membrane potential are required for rBTI entry into Hep G2 cells.     

Seed Oils of Five Black Tartary Buckwheat Cultivars with Biochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Properties

Black tartary buckwheat oils (BTBOs) were extracted from five major industrial tartary buckwheat cultivars grown under similar agronomical activities and environmental conditions. These oils were characterized for the bioactive compounds containing fatty acids, β‐carotene, lutein, α‐, β‐, δ‐ and γ‐tocopherol, and for their antioxidant properties. The total tocopherol contents that were obtained ranged from 704.66 to 1156.19 mg/kg, with γ‐tocopherol (588.98–977.91 mg/kg) as the main component. The concentration of lutein ranged from 253.14 to 429.63 mg/kg, which was almost ten times higher than that of β‐carotenoid (46.71–69.2 mg/kg), indicating that black tartary buckwheat seed oils were a good source of lutein. The predominant fatty acids were unsaturated oleic acid (C18:1) (35.27–40.61 %) and linoleic acid (C18:2) (38.25–42.90 %). Excellent values of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were obtained and the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value of 13.89 mmol Trolox equiv/g oil was detected in the variety of Chuanqiao No. 1, which was clearly separated by principal component analysis (PCA) on the basis of the highest content of tocopherols and carotenoids. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed that tocopherols and carotenoids were the major contributors to the antioxidant activities of the BTBOs. This study demonstrates that lipophilic extraction in the tartary buckwheat seed contains many interesting bioactive compounds, which are beneficial for human health.     

Impact of Rutin and Other Phenolic Substances on the Digestibility of Buckwheat Grain Metabolites

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) is grown in eastern and central Asia (the Himalayan regions of China, Nepal, Bhutan and India) and in central and eastern Europe (Luxemburg, Germany, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina). It is known for its high concentration of rutin and other phenolic metabolites. Besides the grain, the other aboveground parts of Tartary buckwheat contain rutin as well. After the mixing of the milled buckwheat products with water, the flavonoid quercetin is obtained in the flour–water mixture, a result of rutin degradation by rutinosidase. Heating by hot water or steam inactivates the rutin-degrading enzymes in buckwheat flour and dough. The low buckwheat protein digestibility is due to the high content of phenolic substances. Phenolic compounds have low absorption after food intake, so, after ingestion, they remain for some time in the gastrointestinal tract. They can act in an inhibitory manner on enzymes, degrading proteins and other food constituents. In common and Tartary buckwheat, the rutin and quercetin complexation with protein and starch molecules has an impact on the in vitro digestibility and the appearance of resistant starch and slowly digestible proteins. Slowly digestible starch and proteins are important for the functional and health-promoting properties of buckwheat products.     

发酵罐生产的荞麦酒营养及活性成分的研究

以甜荞和苦荞作为原料,利用发酵罐采用液态发酵法酿造荞麦酒,对荞麦酒的营养及活性成分进行了分析。 结果表明：荞麦酒 可溶性蛋白含量为1.23 mg/mL,游离氨基酸总量高达8 080 mg/L,明显高于G-H、J-H以及J-M三种市售黄酒;总多酚含量为0.32 mg/mL; 总黄酮含量为0.12 mg/mL,四种常见有机酸的含量分别为：草酸0.11 g/L、苹果酸0.11 g/L、柠檬酸1.62 g/L、琥珀酸0.65 g/L,与市售黄 酒相比,水溶性营养因子更多的保留在酒中,增强了荞麦酒的营养价值。     

荞麦蛋白研究进展

荞麦具有较高的营养价值和药用价值。荞麦蛋白是荞麦中的主要生物活性成分,它具有特殊的结构、生理功能以及加工功能特性,在食品加工中有着广泛的应用前景。本文就荞麦中蛋白质的含量、蛋白质的结构组成、蛋白质的质量、蛋白质的生理功能、蛋白质的加工功能特性以及营养特性进行了论述,以期推动我国荞麦研究的进一步发展,加快我国荞麦资源的开发利用。     

苦荞黄酮对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用研究

为了比较研究各种不同提取方法下的苦荞黄酮对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用,分别对苦荞总黄酮溶液、苦荞水溶性黄酮溶液、苦荞醇溶性黄酮溶液用α-淀粉酶进行体外活性抑制作用试验,并绘制抑制曲线,所得的结果与阿卡波糖进行比较。结果表明:阿卡波糖、苦荞总黄酮、苦荞水溶性黄酮、苦荞醇溶性黄酮对α-淀粉酶均有抑制作用,其半抑制浓度(IC50)值分别为0.095、0.086、0.10、0.202 mg/mL。本研究为三种提取产物在防治糖尿病及其并发症等方面的应用提供参考,具有较大的理论意义和应用价值。     

苦荞麦麸复合饮料的研究

为综合开发苦荞功能食品,以苦荞麦麸为主要原料,对苦荞麦麸复合饮料的工艺进行研究。结果表明:过40目筛的苦荞麦麸粉用质量比1︰30的水于90℃浸提10 min,分别取体积分数80%的麦麸浸提液、15%的梨汁、5%西柚汁,并加入1%质量分数的蜂蜜,经海藻酸钠进行澄清过滤,所得苦荞麦麸复合饮料,其总黄酮含量为0.256 mg/mL,呈淡褐色、具有苦荞特有的清香。