2018—2020年上海市畜禽肉及副产品和鲜蛋抽检情况分析及建议

目的 分析2018—2020年上海市畜禽肉及副产品和鲜蛋质量情况及存在的问题。方法 收集上海市市场监督管理局2018—2020年监督抽查的食用农产品公示信息,对信息进行分析汇总。结果 2018—2020年畜禽肉及副产品和鲜蛋抽查批次年平均增长率超过20%,总体质量基本稳定可控,主要存在的问题是兽药残留不符合国家标准,药物滥用现象依旧存在。结论 监督抽检的结果反映出相关企业质量意识有待提高、管理规范化不足,最后提出提高质量安全的措施和建议,包括：有重点地部署抽检监测计划,适当加大惩处力度,健全农产品质量安全追溯体系,开发和应用疫苗、生物防治等方法。     

淡水鱼加工副产物功能成分的提取与应用研究进展

淡水鱼由于其营养价值丰富,在世界范围内的需求量持续增加。然而,在其加工过程中产生大量副产物,这些副产物并没有得到充分的利用,造成资源的浪费并给生态环境带来了巨大的压力,不利于淡水渔业的持续健康发展。鉴于此,淡水鱼加工副产物依据其特性逐步被开发应用。本文对近年来淡水鱼副产物的加工利用及其各类活性研究进行综述。首先介绍加工副产物中常见功能性成分的提取技术与开发,其次分别阐述淡水鱼加工副产物的应用研究,如抗氧化、抗炎、延缓衰老以及在食品加工和储存中的应用,最后对淡水鱼加工副产物未来的发展趋势进行展望,旨在为淡水鱼加工副产物有效成分提取及应用提供参考,进一步提升资源的综合利用潜力,促进我国淡水鱼产业的高质量发展。     

Use of glyceroltriheptanoate as marker for processed animal by-products: development and validation of an analytical method

A recently published European Regulation requires that the artificial marker, glycerol triheptanoate (GTH), be added to processed animal by-product (ABPs) prohibited from entering the food chain. The objective of this new requirement is to allow full traceability and ensure that these materials are disposed of in a proper way. Here, we report the development and single-laboratory validation of an analytical method for the determination of GTH in meat and bone meal plus animal fat. The method comprises three steps: (1) extraction of GTH from the samples with petroleum ether when analysing meat and bone meal or dissolving the sample in n-hexane when analysing fat; (2) clean-up of the extract using commercially available SPE cartridges; (3) determination of GTH by GC/MS or GC with flame ionisation detection (FID). The results of the validation study demonstrated that the relative standard for intermediate precision varied between 2.5 and 8.2%, depending on GTH concentration and the detector utilised. In all cases, the relative recovery rate was above 96%. The limit of quantification was 16 mg kg^?1 (GTH/fat content of the sample) with MS as detector and 20 mg kg^?1 with FID. Moreover, the method has been successfully applied in a second laboratory, indicating its transferability. Considering the minimum GTH concentration in ABPs of 250 mg kg^?1, the method is considered suitable for the intended purpose and can be utilised by EU Member States laboratories for official control and monitoring.     

Utilization of Fish Processing By-Products in the Gelatin Industry

Since the bovine spongiform encephalopathy crisis, there has been a growing interest for finding an alternative source of raw materials for gelatin production. Gelatin produced from fish processing by-products is a potential alternative to mammalian gelatin. Fish processing generates solid wastes that can be as high as 50–80% of the original raw material. These wastes are an excellent raw material for preparation of high protein foods. About 30% of the wastes consists of skin and bone with a high collagen content. Fish gelatin can be obtained by hydrolysis of collagen the principal protein found in skin and bone. Fish skin and bone gelatin can be prepared with bloom strength similar to that obtained from mammalian sources. Fish gelatin has numerous applications, particularly, in the food, pharmaceutical, and photographic industries due to its unique chemical and physical properties. This review presents how fish processing by-products can be utilized in the manufacture of gelatin.     

气相色谱法测定饮用水中的二氯乙酸、三氯乙酸

参照生活饮用水标准检验方法中的液液萃取、酸化甲醇衍生化技术,采用气相色谱技术测定生活饮用水中的二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸。结果表明：在所确立的检测条件下,二氯乙酸、内标和三氯乙酸组分峰在谱图上能够得到很好的分离。低浓度水平和高浓度水平的水样加标回收试验中,二氯乙酸的回收率为91.4%~100.98%,三氯乙酸的回收率为101.47%~115.87%。二氯乙酸的检出限为0.63μg/L,三氯乙酸的检出限为1.02μg/L。综合衍生实验结果考虑,衍生时间确定为2 h。     

Changes in polyphenol and polysaccharide content of grape seed extract and grape pomace after enzymatic treatment

Grape seed extract and grape pomace are rich sources of polyphenols. The aim of this study was to evaluate the release of polyphenols, the solubilisation of carbohydrate, and the antioxidant capacity of these grape by-products after enzymatic reaction with carbohydrases (cellulolytic and pectinolytic activities) and tannase for 24 h. The use of tannase in these by-products, and pectinase in grape pomace changed the galloylated form of catechin to its free form, releasing gallic acid and increasing the antioxidant activity. In grape pomace, cellulase treatment was not efficient for phenolic release and antioxidant activity improvement. The addition of carbohydrases to grape pomace, either alone or in combination, degraded the cell wall polysaccharides, increasing the content of monosaccharides. These results provide relevant data about the potential of pectinase, tannase and combinations of enzymes on the release of polyphenols and monosaccharides from grape by-products, improving the antioxidant capacity and the nutritional value.     

酪蛋白磷酸肽副产物中ACEI肽的分离鉴定及稳定性研究

酪蛋白磷酸肽副产物中仍含有丰富的功能性多肽,从中回收具有降压活性的血管紧张素I转化酶抑制肽具有废物利用和环境保护的意义。本文在前期研究富集活性肽工艺的基础上,从粗富集产物中进一步分离纯化出具有降压活性的多肽单体,并对单体的分子量、一级序列及其稳定性进行了研究。研究结果表明,以粗富集产物为原料,仅通过阴离子交换树脂及液相制备两步就可获得活性较高的转化酶抑制肽单体P16和P18。P16分子量742.6,序列为GPFPIIV,属首次发现;P18分子量1385.8,序列为FFVAPFPE VFGK。二者均具有较高的耐酸碱性和热稳定性,经体外模拟胃肠消化过程后,发生不同程度的分解,但P16的活性在分解后反而升高12.8%,P18则降低37.5%。推测活性的升高或降低均与活性中心暴露或破坏有关。     

饮用水处理工艺中消毒副产物的变化特征研究

为阐明饮用水厂运行中主要消毒副产物的形成特征及转化规律,提出有效的控制措施,以北方某饮用水厂为研究对象,对采用预加氯的不同处理单元出水中3类消毒副产物,即8种卤乙酸(HAAs)、亚硝基二甲胺(NDMA)和4种三卤甲烷(THMs)的变化特征进行了研究。结果表明,经预氯化后3类副产物显著增加,HAAs、NDMA和THMs和质量浓度合计分别为33.1μg/L、9.0 ng/L和55.1μg/L;经双层滤料过滤后得到不同程度去除,5种可去除HAAs的去除率为15.7%～60.8%,NDMA去除率为48.1%,4种THMs的去除率为26.1%～49.2%。氯胺消毒下总出水中3类副产物含量也未明显增加,表明预氯化及氯胺消毒是进一步削减消毒副产物产生、降低饮用水健康安全风险的重要控制措施。     

饮用水中典型含氮消毒副产物卤乙腈的生成和控制研究进展

卤乙腈是饮用水中典型的含氮消毒副产物,因具有很高的慢性细胞毒性和急性遗传毒性而受到广泛关注。介绍了水消毒过程中产生的卤乙腈的种类和毒理特性,重点对卤乙腈的生成特点、分析测定及控制方法进行综述。并针对卤乙腈的研究现状,提出了今后对其研究主要的方向和需解决的问题。     

利用冬菜副产物研制新型复合调味汁

利用冬菜副产物为主要原料,研制特色风味冬菜调味汁.通过正交实验优选最佳提取条件.结果表明,提取最佳条件为A3B3C1D2.即8倍水量、60℃提取2次、每次60 min.产品酱香浓郁,味道鲜美,具有冬菜的典型性,是一种理想的调味品.