油脂加氢镍基纳米催化剂的研究

以纳米碳酸钙为载体,采用沉淀法制备了镍基纳米催化剂,以棕榈油的加氢为探针表征其活性。分析了制备方法、负载量、焙烧温度、还原温度及促进剂对催化剂活性的影响。研究结果显示:以纳米碳酸钙为载体,在镍负载量为30%左右、添加铝(镍与铝原子摩尔比6∶1)或钴(镍与钴原子摩尔比600∶1)为促进剂、焙烧温度350℃、还原温度400℃时,采用沉淀法制备的催化剂活性最高,可使氢化后的棕榈油碘值(I)降到0.5 g/100 g以下(催化剂用量占棕榈油质量的0.07%),表明该催化剂的催化性能可达工业要求水平。此外,采用相对廉价的纳米碳酸钙作载体,镍为主要活性组分,操作步骤简单,催化剂性能稳定,活性较高,经济效益好,具有较好的应用前景。     

氯化钙结合季也蒙毕赤酵母（Meyerozyma guilliermondii）对抑制芒果采后炭疽病效果的影响

研究氯化钙（CaCl2）结合季也蒙毕赤酵母（Meyerozyma guilliermondii）处理对由炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）引起的芒果采后炭疽病的抑制效果,同时分析CaCl2对病原菌和酵母拮抗菌生长以及果实抗病性的影响。结果显示：40 g/L CaCl2可有效提升拮抗菌M. guilliermondii对芒果采后炭疽病的生防效果,其中40 g/L CaCl2与1×108 CFU/mL M. guilliermondii悬浮液的复合处理比单一处理更能有效地抑制芒果果实采后炭疽病的发生。此外,40 g/L CaCl2对C. gloeosporioides菌丝的生长具有抑制作用,并能够促进拮抗菌M. guilliermondii在芒果果实伤口处的增殖。与此同时,该复合处理显著诱导了芒果果实抗病相关酶活性的升高。结果表明,40 g/L CaCl2可以直接通过抑制病原菌的生长和促进拮抗酵母的增殖、以及间接诱导果实抗病性来提升拮抗菌M. guilliermondii对芒果果实采后炭疽病防治效果。     

盐矿卤水中钙镁离子的深度净化研究

本文将化学净化与吸附净化相结合,考察其对卤水中钙镁离子的深度净化效果.实验结果表明,在一定的pH值下,TD-11吸附剂能吸附去除卤水中的钙镁杂质离子,吸附剂对钙镁离子的吸附能力与活性基团类型有关,Na型基团的吸附能力较强,而H型基团吸附能力则较弱.吸附净化作为化学净化的后道工序,能有效脱除卤水中残存的钙镁离子,有望彻底解决钙镁杂质离子对真空制盐及两碱生产过程的不利影响.     

氯化钙处理对牛肉系水力影响的研究

试验采用2因素有重复试验设计,研究对宰后8h的牛肉分别注射肉重3%的浓度为200mmol/L、250mmol/L、300mmol/L的CaCl2溶液,然后将处理样品在4℃下腌制12h、24h、48h,通过对其煮熟率的测定,分析注射CaCl2溶液及腌制时间对牛肉系水力的影响。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,不同浓度的CaCl2溶液处理对牛肉煮熟率影响差异不显著(P>0.05);不同腌制时间对牛肉煮熟率的影响差异亦不显著(P>0.05)。注射CaCl2溶液对牛肉的系水力无显著影响。     

Long‐chain fatty acid supplemented infant formula does not influence calcium and magnesium bioavailability in weanling rats

The influence of infant formula supplementation with long‐chain‐polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) on calcium and magnesium bioavailability was assessed in rats. Two test diets containing a plain, unsupplemented (PF) or supplemented (SF) infant formula as the fat source and a control diet (C) were administered to weaning rats and food intake and body weight gain were monitored for 28 days. In order to assess calcium and magnesium bioavailability, during the last week faeces and urine were collected and apparent absorption and retention were calculated. Food intake and body weight showed no significant differences between PF and SF but were lower in both groups compared with C. Calcium and magnesium intake did not differ between PF and SF, although both parameters were lower compared with C. Calcium absorption efficiency in PF and SF was significantly higher than in C. However, both groups showed higher urinary calcium excretion and thus no differences were observed in calcium retention. Magnesium absorption efficiency was also significantly higher in PF and SF compared with C, but magnesium absorption was significantly lower in SF compared with PF and C. Nevertheless, urinary magnesium excretion and magnesium retention were similar in the three groups. The consumption of a diet containing an infant formula supplemented with LCPUFA compared with the plain formula does not affect calcium and magnesium bioavailability in rats. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

超微粉碎牦牛骨泥经发酵和酶解后游离钙和氨基酸态氮的变化

用保加利亚乳酸杆菌发酵和用胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶酶解超微粉碎牦牛骨泥,测定骨泥巾的游离钙（Ca^2＋）、氨基酸态氮含量和pH值的变化。结果表明,经保加利亚乳酸杆菌发酵36h后,骨泥中游离钙的含量从12．3mg／100g增加到2145．3mg／100g,而氨基酸态氮的含量从117．7mg／100g增加到233．4mg／100g;经胰蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶分别酶解4h后,游离钙的含量从233mg／100g分别增加到893mg／100g,623mg／100g和523mg／100g,氨基酸态氮则从1065mg／100g分别增加到134．5mg／100g、149．4mg／100g和154．1mg／100g。通过比较显示,利用乳酸菌发酵处理骨泥后,游离钙含量是酶解处理骨泥的24倍,氨基酸态氮含量则为酶解处理的1．5倍。因此发酵比酶解处理能得到更多的游离钙和氨基酸态氮。     

Hay to reduce dietary cation-anion difference for dry dairy cows

Timothy grass has a lower dietary cation-anion difference [DCAD = (Na + K) - (Cl + S)] than other cool-season grass species. Growing timothy on low-K soils and fertilizing it with CaCl₂ could further decrease its DCAD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding low-DCAD timothy hay on dry dairy cows. Six nonpregnant and nonlactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square. Treatments were as follows: 1) control diet (control; DCAD = 296 mEq/kg of dry matter); 2) low-DCAD diet based on low-DCAD timothy hay (L-HAY; DCAD = - 24 mEq/kg of dry matter); and 3) low-DCAD diet using HCl (L-HCl; DCAD = - 19 mEq/kg of dry matter). Decreasing DCAD with L-HAY had no effect on dry matter intake (11.8 kg/d) or dry matter digestibility (71.5%). Urine pH decreased from 8.21 to 5.89 when L-HAY was fed instead of the control. Blood parameters that decreased with L-HAY were base excess (− 0.4 vs. 3.8 mM) and HCO₃⁻ (23 vs. 27 mM), and blood parameters that increased were Ca²⁺ (5.3 vs. 5.1 mg/dL), Cl⁻ (30.5 vs. 29.5 mg/dL), and Na⁺ (60.8 vs. 60.1 mg/dL). Compared with the control, L-HAY resulted in more Ca in urine (13.4 vs. 1.2 g/d). Comparing L-HAY with L-HCl, cow dry matter intake tended to be higher (11.5 vs. 9.8 kg/d), and blood pH was higher (7.37 vs. 7.31). Urine pH; total dry matter; Ca, K, P, and Mg apparent absorption; and Ca, K, Na, Cl, S, P, and Mg apparent retention were similar. Absorption as a percentage of intake of Na and Cl was lower for L-HAY as compared with L-HCl. In an EDTA-challenge test, cows fed L-HAY regained their initial level of blood Ca²⁺ twice as quickly as the control treatment (339 vs. 708 min); there were no differences between L-HAY and L-HCl. This experiment confirms that feeding low-DCAD hay is an effective means of decreasing the DCAD of rations and obtaining a metabolic response in dry dairy cows.     

磷酸化处理对蚕蛹多肽结合钙能力的影响

为探索磷酸化处理对多肽结合钙能力的促进作用,以蚕蛹多肽为研究对象,采用不同种类和添加量的磷酸化试剂对其进行磷酸化改性,再与CaCl2反应制备蚕蛹多肽结合钙复合物,并对样品进行钙和磷含量测定、磷酸化位点检测、红外光谱分析和扫描电镜分析.研究结果表明:Na3 PO4、NaH2 PO4、(NaPO3)63种试剂可与蚕蛹多肽发...     

有机溶剂溶解法结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法直接测定软胶囊剂型保健食品中的钙和铁

目的 建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry,ICP-OES)测定软胶囊剂型保健食品中的钙和铁含量的方法。方法 软胶囊剂型保健食品经水-硝酸-二甲亚砜混合溶液溶解后,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,直接测定其中的钙和铁含量。结果 钙元素方法的检出限为3 mg/kg,定量限为9 mg/kg,钙元素的回收率在92.2%～96.7%之间,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSDs)在3.2%～8.8%之间。铁元素方法的检出限为0.6 mg/kg,定量限为2 mg/kg,铁元素的回收率在91.8%～96.7%之间,RSDs在1.8%～11.9%之间。实际样品检测时,同时采用了本方法与GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中多元素的测定》(第二法),两种方法所得结果没有明显差异。结论 本方法在前处理时,不再使用传统的微波消解等方法,操作简单、快捷、准确度高,可以用于软胶囊剂型保健食品中钙和铁的检测。     

微波程序消解—加标浓度直读法测定芝麻、花生、核桃中的钙

为建立一种快速简便、准确测定食品中钙的新方法,选用坚果为样品,微波程序消解后,采用离子选择性电极加标浓度直读法测定钙含量。结果表明:钙电极的转换系数为98.61%,相对标准偏差均小于4%。该法测定简便快速、读数直观、成本低廉、样品用量少,为食品中钙的测定提供了一种全新的分析技术,有较强的创新性和推广应用价值。