冷却肉保鲜技术的研究进展

该综述介绍了各种冷却肉保鲜技术的原理和特点。对冷却肉的保鲜剂、包装技术、辐射保鲜技术、高压保鲜技术、紫外线杀菌技术在冷却肉保鲜中的应用进行了详细的介绍,并综述了其在肉类工业的应用现状,对其前景进行了展望。     

驴肉主要营养成分及与其它畜禽肉的分析比较

本文测定了驴肉的水分、灰分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、脂肪酸、矿物元素、氨基酸的含量,并将驴肉与其他畜禽肉的营养成分作对比分析。结果表明:驴肉蛋白质含量比羊肉、牛肉、猪肉高,而脂肪含量比羊肉、牛肉、猪肉低。驴肉的氨基酸和脂肪酸组成是比较理想的,矿物元素中Fe含量明显高于其它畜禽肉。从营养学角度看,驴肉是比较理想的动物性食品原料。     

By-products from herbs essential oil production as ingredient in marinade for turkey thighs

Herb decoctions—the aqueous extract of rosemary, sage and thyme, left as by-product after steam distillation of essential oils, were investigated as a source of antioxidants in marinades for turkey thigh meat. Lipid oxidation after marinating, cooking and chill storage (warmed over flavour, WOF) was assessed by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), GC-MS and sensory judgement on marinated and untreated meat. Results showed that marinating with herb decoctions, which exerted antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging), was an effective means of retarding lipid oxidation in raw and cooked meat. Meat from the rosemary marinade had the lowest TBARS values and volatile levels, while the control samples showed the highest values throughout the marinating, cooking and storage period. Oxidative changes in meat marinated with thyme and sage were significantly more advanced than in meat marinated with rosemary decoction. The partial least squares regression (PLS-R) showed that control samples were strongly related to the oxidation variables (volatiles, TBARS, rancidity) while the marinated meat had high scores for spicy and acidic odour and flavour. Results indicated that antioxidants contained in herb decoction, could be exploited in marinades to prevent rancidity in stored, heat-treated turkey meat products.     

Campylobacter and Salmonella in raw red meats in the United Kingdom: prevalence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance pattern, 2003-2005

The prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella was assessed in 3959 raw red meats in the UK during 2003-2005. Meats were more frequently contaminated with Campylobacter (7.2%) than with Salmonella (2.4%). Lamb and other meats (e.g. mutton, rabbit) exhibited the highest contamination from Campylobacter (12.6% and 19.8%, respectively), compared with pork (6.3%) and beef (4.9%). Pork however had the highest contamination from Salmonella (3.9%), followed by lamb (2.0%), other meats (2.0%) and beef (1.3%). Offal samples (36.6%) were more frequently contaminated with Campylobacter or Salmonella than muscle tissue (7.0%). C. jejuni predominated in all meat types. C. coli isolates were more likely to exhibit antimicrobial drug resistance, including quinolones, than C. jejuni. Salmonella typhimurium was the most frequent Salmonella serotype isolated from meats; S. typhimurium DT104/104b isolates exhibited higher rates of multiple drug resistance than other serotypes. The findings reinforce the importance of adequate cooking of meat and good hygiene to avoid cross-contamination.     

Effect of Penicillium nordicum contamination rates on ochratoxin A accumulation in dry-cured salami

Fungal starter, such as Penicillium nalgiovense, are commonly used to inoculate sausages before seasoning process. However, Penicillium nordicum, a well-known ochratoxin A (OTA) producer frequently isolated from seasoning rooms, could colonize the casing surface during the early stage of production. The relationship between OTA accumulation and simultaneous inoculation of P. nalgiovense and P. nordicum at different rates was evaluated. After 14 days of seasoning, the persistence of P. nordicum was assessed by LAMP assay revealing its capability to colonize and grow on salami surface at all the contamination rates. At the end of seasoning, OTA was accumulated both in mycelium and dry-cured meat when P. nordicum contamination rate ranged from 25% to 100% of inoculum, while no OTA was detected in dry-cured meat at 2.5% and 0.25%. Results demonstrated that contamination of fungal starter by P. nordicum could represent a serious concern during salami production and therefore represents an important critical point to be monitored.     

2001年肉蛋类商品产销走势浅析

本文概括了 2 0 0 0年肉蛋类商品的产销状况 ,着重分析了 2 0 0 1年肉蛋类商品产销的发展趋势     

我国肉类食品的市场特点及冷藏运输需求

介绍了我国肉类食品的发展概况,分析了我国肉类食品市场的特点与发展趋势及对冷藏运输的需求,指出了发展过程中存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议.     

成型火腿制品的生产原理和质量控制

成型火腿的生产现已很普及,生产成型火腿的三个关键点是：肉块表面蛋白基质的形成、原料肉的软化、使肉表面蛋白基质变性凝固的加热过程,生产成型火腿的关键控制点有原料肉的选择、腌制液的配制、滚揉、热处理等,要生产高质量的成型火腿,不仅要保证原料肉、时辛料和腌制剂的卫生质量。同时还必须在生产过程中对关键点进行控制。     

肉类风味的研究

本文介绍了有关肉风味形成的前驱性物质,概述肉味形成和Maillard反应,类脂类物质的热降解,氨基酸和肽的热降解以及糖类物质的降解反应的关系,并且着重介绍了多种肉香挥发性化合物。     

Effect of irradiation and packaging conditions after cooking on the formation of cholesterol and lipid oxidation products in meats during storage

The effect of irradiation and packaging conditions on the content of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and lipid oxidation in cooked turkey, beef, and pork during storage was studied. Ground turkey leg, beef, and pork were cooked, packaged either in oxygen-permeable or oxygen-impermeable bags, and irradiated at 0 or 4.5 kGy. Lipid oxidation and COPs were determined after 0 and 7 days of storage at 4°C. Packaging of cooked meat was more important than irradiation in developing COPs and lipid oxidation in cooked meats during storage. 7-Hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, β-epoxide, and 7-ketocholesterol were among the major COPs formed in cooked turkey, beef, and pork after storage, and their amounts increased dramatically during the 7-day storage in aerobic conditions. Irradiation had no significant effect on the amounts of any of the COPs found in cooked turkey and beef, but increased (P<0.05) the amounts of - plus 7β-hydroxycholesterol, β-epoxide, 7-ketocholesterol, and total COPs in aerobically packaged cooked pork. The amounts of COPs and lipid oxidation products (TBARS) closely related to the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat. The results indicated that the composition of fats in meat is important on the oxidation rates of lipids and cholesterol, and packaging is far more important than irradiation in the formation of COPs and lipid oxidation in cooked meat.