低气压毛细管放电特性研究

利用一台毛细管快放电X射线激光装置．研究了预脉冲作用下氩气和氦气在10～120Pa压强范围内对毛细管放电的击穿特性。实验结果表明只有10～15kV放电电压才能将内径为3mm．长度为90mm的毛细管中10～120Pa的氩气击穿，同时电极表面的形态对击穿电位也有较大影响。对预、主脉冲作用下毛细管放电规律及Z箍缩过程中阻抗变化规律进行了研究，发现不同长度的氩气柱在箍缩过程中的阻抗变化趋势基本相同。不同长度、不同放电电压情况下，毛细管阻抗均达到最小值5n左右．同时电流达到峰值。该结果为在相同放电电压下．对不同长度毛细管放电获得相同的电流峰值提供了可能。     

VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION OF BARLEY AND MALT*

A vertical polyacrylamide — SDS electrophoretic technique, including whole protein extraction and staining steps, was improved with a view to developing it for routine laboratory use with single barley kernels. The pattern consisted of 4 zones: A (albumins-globulins). B and C (hordeins) and D (possibly glutelins) displaying unequal varietal polymorphisms (1, 13, 13 and 4 types respectively). 28% of the barley samples (77 varieties), including most cultivars grown in France, could be unambiguously identified from qualitative differences only, in the B, C and D zones. Adding three other characteristics (hairs and furrow hairiness, peroxidase, zymogram, esterase zymogram), as many as 78% of the varieties could be identified, the other 22% consisting of very closely related barleys. After slight modification of protein extraction conditions, the same methods could be used with malt, based on the same electrophoretic types. A graphic tablet connected to a microcomputer was used for automatic acquisitions of records and comparisons of electrophoretic data.     

Analysis of chromosomal DNA patterns of the genus Kluyveromyces

Using an improved procedure of pulsed field gel electrophoresis, yeast chromosomes were separated over a wide range of molecular size (250-4000 kbp) on single gels. The chromosomal DNA patterns of all the species belonging to the genus Kluyveromyces were examined. Within the species K. marxianus, the varieties lactis, drosophilarum and vanudenii showed closely related patterns: very different from them, the varieties bulgaricus and marxianus were related to each other, forming a distinct group; the strains commonly called 'K. lactis' and 'K. fragilis' were unambiguously different from each other in chromosome patterns. These differences were correlated with the presence of characteristic repetitive sequence elements in the mitochondrial DNA of the former group and not in the latter. Analysis of Candida macedoniensis, which had been considered to be an anamorph of K. marxianus var. marxianus, showed that these two yeast species were indeed similar in chromosome patterns and in mitochondrial DNA restriction patterns.     

毛细管放电激励类氖-氩离子X光激光研究

以类氖 氩离子跃迁线为例 ,应用一维的Lagrangian程序———XDCH研究了毛细管放电碰撞机制激励软X光激光的物理机制 ;对等离子体的Z 箍缩过程和 46 9nm谱线产生增益的条件进行了讨论 ;并分析了毛细管放电装置中产生软X激光的可能性。     

小波去噪与信号相似性在电泳信号方面的应用

根据信号与噪声在小波变换下的不同特性．文章讨论了一种基于小波变换的信号去噪方法。因为不同的小波基有各自的特点和优点。文章中选择了几种典型的小波进行了比较．井提出一种信号相似性理论判别方法。数值实验及实际运用都证明了上述方法的有效性。     

微流路生物芯片的研制

运用光刻、刻蚀技术在载玻片上刻蚀出条宽 70 μm、深 30 μm、长 7cm的沟槽 ,与另一载玻片键合 ,形成一微流路沟道 ,研制出了用于生物电泳技术的微流路生物芯片。在该芯片的研制中 ,克服了湿法腐蚀、断线、键合等技术难题。该芯片已经交付合作单位使用 ,能够满足应用中的基本性能要求     

Capillary instabilities in thin films

Very thin films, less than 100 nm-thick, are used in a variety of applications, including as catalysts and for thin film reactions to form patterned silicides in electronic devices. Because of their high surface to volume ratio, these very thin films are subject to cap-illary instability and can agglomerate well below their melting temperatures. In order to develop a general understanding of agglomeration in very thin films, we have studied initially continuous and patterned films of gold on fused silica substrates. Two in situ techniques were used to monitor agglomeration: 1) heating and video recording in a transmission electron microscope, and 2) measurement of the intensity of laser light transmitted through a sample heated in a furnace. Electron microscopy allowed inves-tigation of the role of the microstructure of the Au film and analysis of light transmis-sion during heating allowed determination of temperature-dependent and film-thick-ness-dependent agglomeration rates. These results will be described along with models for the agglomeration process.     

3D Micromolding of Arrayed Waveguide Gratings on Upconversion Luminescent Layers for Flexible Transparent Displays without Mirrors,Electrodes, and Electric Circuits

A new technique for the fabrication of arrayed waveguide gratings on upconversion luminescent layers for flexible transparent displays is reported. Ho³⁺‐ and Yb³⁺‐codoped NaYF₄ nanoparticles are synthesized by hydrothermal techniques. Transparent films consisting of two transparent polymers on the NaYF₄ nanoparticle films exhibit mechanical flexibility and high transparence in visible region. Patterned NaYF₄ nanoparticle films are fabricated by calcination‐free micromolding in capillaries. Arrayed waveguide gratings consisting of the two transparent polymers are formed on the patterned NaYF₄ nanoparticle films by micromolding in capillaries. Green and red luminescence is observed from the upconversion luminescent layers of the NaYF₄ nanoparticle films in the arrayed waveguide gratings under excitation at 980 nm laser light. Arrayed waveguide gratings on the upconversion luminescent layers are fabricated with Er³⁺‐doped NaYF₄ nanoparticles which can convert two photons at 850 and 1500 nm into single photon at 550 nm. These results demonstrate that flexible transparent displays can be fabricated by constructing arrayed waveguide gratings on upconversion luminescent layers, which can operate in nonprojection mode without mirrors, transparent electrodes, and electric circuits.