Lactoperoxidase-mediated degradation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of pulmonary surfactant

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may elicit inflammatory responses following pulmonary exposure. Conversely, enzymatic biodegradation of CNTs by inflammatory cells has also been reported. The aim of this study was to study the degradation of oxidized single-walled CNTs (ox-SWCNTs) by lactoperoxidase (LPO), a secreted peroxidase present in the airways, and whether pulmonary surfactant affects this biodegradation. To this end, ox-SWCNTs were incubated in vitro with recombinant bovine LPO + H₂O₂ + NaSCN in the presence and absence of porcine lung surfactant (Curosurf®) and biodegradation was monitored using UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The interaction of recombinant LPO with bundles of ox-SWCNTs was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. Cell-free biodegradation of ox-SWCNTs was also observed ex vivo in murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the presence of H₂O₂ + NaSCN. Our study provides evidence for biodegradation of ox-SWCNTs with a lung surfactant ‘bio-corona’ and expands the repertoire of mammalian peroxidases capable of biodegradation of ox-SWCNTs. These findings are relevant to inhalation exposure to these materials, as LPO serves as an important component of the airway defense system.     

Minimum curing time for preventing frost damage of early-age concrete

When fresh concrete is exposed to extremely low temperatures, the free water in the concrete is cooled below its freezing point and transforms into ice, leading to a decrease in the compressive strength of concrete. When freezing takes place after an adequate curing time, the decrease in compressive strength does not occur. In other words, the concrete can resist the frost damage. Of the many influencing factors, the age of concrete at the beginning of freezing and curing temperatures is significantly important with regard to the loss of compressive strength. In this study, tests were performed to examine how these factors affect the compressive strength of concrete frozen at early-ages as well as to investigate the source of frost damage in fresh concrete. The results from the tests showed that the loss of compressive strength decreases when the onset of freezing was delayed and the curing temperature was high. Moreover, the results showed that the curing temperature after the freezing period does not affect the resistance against frost damage but it affects the strength development. Finally, we propose a new method to predict the minimum curing time based on the development theory of frost resistance with decrease of saturation degree of capillary pores and using the hydration degree curves at an early age.     

绿色低碳建筑材料应用现状及发展前景研究

倡导和推行绿色低碳建筑材料是时代发展的必然趋势,是可持续发展的要求,也是构建环保健康生活的应有之义。本文分析了绿色低碳建筑材料的概念内涵、特征、作用及应用的必要性,并且在综合目前绿色建筑材料应用现状的基础上,对绿色建筑材料的未来发展进行探索性展望。     

低碳源污水厂中ECOSUNIDE工艺的碳源利用分析

针对城市污水处理厂在低碳源条件下的实际运行情况,分析了ECOSUNIDE工艺中碳源的分布及利用情况,指出水中慢速降解有机物(X S)经好氧水解产生的易降解有机物(S S)是参与反硝化过程的主要碳源。根据简化的ASM1模型,对X S水解和异养菌衰减产生的S S进行了数值计算,在BOD5=80 mg/L、NH3-N=30 mg/L、TP=4 mg/L、X S=90 mg/L的进水条件下,异养菌衰减和50%进水中的X S好氧水解产生的S S用于反硝化即可基本满足脱氮除磷所需的碳源,而其中及时利用X S水解产生的S S是反硝化的关键。     

A study on natural clinoptilolite for CO2/N2 gas separation

Based on its low cost and low water adsorption capacity, compared to synthetic zeolites (A-type, X-type and Y-type), natural, untreated clinoptilolite was examined as a potential adsorbent for a separation process targeting on removal of CO₂ from flue gas. Taking into consideration typical flue gas composition and temperature, adsorptive properties of binary CO₂/N₂ mixtures were tested in the temperature range of 268 to 403 K and compared with literature data. The results showed that CO₂ concentration, total pressure, and temperature strongly affect selectivity and working capacity, restricting the conditions under which the material could be used as an efficient adsorbent.     

Adsorption of lead and copper on bentonite and grapeseed activated carbon in single- and binary-ion systems

In this study, bentonite originating from Turkey (Eski?ehir province) and activated carbon obtained from grapeseed were used as adsorbents for the removal of lead (Pb²⁺) and copper (Cu²⁺) ions from aqueous solutions. Experiments were performed in single- and binary-ion systems at constant temperature of 298 K and pH value of 5. In order to describe the adsorption mechanism Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used. The total adsorption capacity values of adsorbents were compared. It was observed that the total adsorption capacity values were changed depending on the type of adsorbent used, type of metal ion and interaction between metal ions.     

Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极光电催化还原CO2

利用电化学氧化还原法在不锈钢基底上制备聚苯胺纳米管(PANI NTs),将Cu2O沉积到PANI NTs,得到Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极,通过循环伏安法（CV）研究Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极的电化学行为。采用X-射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）对Cu2O/PANI NTs进行结构表征,借助乙酰丙酮分光光度法和气相色谱法对CO2还原产物进行检测。结果表明：PANI在不锈钢基底上以直立的中空纳米管的形式横向生长,内经约为100nm,外径约为200nm;Cu2O/PANI NTs具有优良的光电催化还原性能,对 /CO2具有催化活性;Cu2O/PANI/不锈钢电极光电催化还原CO215h 后溶液中甲醛的浓度为29.5μmol/L。