芳香驱蚊微胶囊剂的制备

以脲醛树脂为壁材,使用原位聚合法制备芳香驱蚊微胶囊。考察了微胶囊结构、包埋率、粒径及其分布等影响因素。优化的缩聚反应条件是:以十二烷基硫酸钠为表面活性剂,以盐酸为酸性催化剂,催化剂分批加入,终点pH值2.0,酸化4 h,固化温度70℃,固化时间2 h,搅拌速度800 r/min,可以得到包封率为91.3%、缓释效果良好、粒径分布均匀且粒径1~10μm的流动性球型固体微胶囊。     

含氰基二元芳胺固化的酞菁预聚物的合成及表征

以亲核取代反应合成了3种酞菁单体(2,2′-二[4-(3,4-二氰基苯氧基)]丙烷(BAPh)、4,4′-二(3,4-二氰基苯氧基)联苯(BPh)、4,4′-二(3,4-二氰基苯氧基)甲烷(BFPh))和1种含有氰基的高熔点二元芳胺2,6-二(4-氨基苯氧基)苯甲腈(APBN)。通过核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)对合成的化合物的化学结构,芳胺和酞菁单体的热聚合行为,不同固化时间预聚物的热性能进行了研究。结果表明,BAPh/APBN和BFPh/APBN体系分别具有宽达101℃与107℃的加工窗口。BFPh型预聚物(固化1 h)比其他2种预聚物具有更高的初始分解温度(390℃下失重5%)、高温残炭率(800℃下61.7%)和固化效率。     

Antaxia-telangiectasia mutated gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to chromosomal damage among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposed workers

The aim was to explore the relationship between the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to cytokinesis-block micronucleus among workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Blood and urine samples of 140 PAH-exposed workers and 66 non-PAH-exposed workers were collected. Seven tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms in ATM gene were selected by pariwise r² method and minor allele frequency cutoff of 0.05 from Chinese genotype data in HapMap project. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to analyze the polymorphisms of ATM rs600931, rs652311, rs227060, rs227292, rs624366, rs189037 and rs228589. The results showed that ATM rs600931 AG and AG+AA genotypes exhibited significantly higher cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) frequency (11.14 ± 6.91‰ and 10.57 ± 6.82‰) than did the GG genotype (7.66 ± 5.69‰, P = 0.015 and 0.038, respectively). The subjects with rs189037 GA and GA+AA genotypes exhibited significantly higher CBMN frequency (10.99 ± 6.90‰ and 10.51 ± 6.76‰) than that of the GG genotype (7.72 ± 5.82‰, P = 0.018 and 0.035, respectively). The PAH-exposed workers with rs624366 GC and GC+CC genotypes exhibited significantly higher CBMN frequency (11.34 ± 6.74‰ and 10.73 ± 6.62‰) than did the GG genotype (7.61 ± 6.07‰, P = 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). rs227092 GT genotype exhibited significantly higher CBMN frequency (10.78 ± 6.60‰) than did the GG genotype (7.91 ± 6.30‰, P = 0.025) among the PAH-exposed workers. The haplotype pairs GGGGTGC/AAACATT exhibited significantly higher CBMN frequency (12.05 ± 7.40‰) than did the GGGGTGC/GGGGTGC (7.51 ± 6.19‰, P = 0.007) among the PAH-exposed group. In conclusion, it is suggested that the polymorphisms of ATM were associated with the CBMN frequencies among PAH-exposed workers.     

芳烃/脂肪烃渗透汽化分离膜的研究进展

芳烃/脂肪烃分离是石油化工中重要的分离过程,渗透汽化膜分离技术是现有高能耗芳烃/脂肪烃分离过程的潜在技术。以调整石脑油的芳烃含量,生产“低苯汽油”或低芳烃含量的优质乙烯裂解原料为背景,论述了芳烃/脂肪烃混合物的渗透汽化分离膜的研究进展。     

Ceria and Gold/Ceria Catalysts for the Abatement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: An In Situ DRIFTS Study

Gold catalysts supported on nano-crystalline ceria prepared by deposition precipitation have been characterised and tested for the total oxidation of naphthalene. Two different precipitation methods were used to prepare the nano-crystalline ceria supports and it was observed that although both supports were active materials for naphthalene oxidation, ceria synthesized by homogeneous precipitation with urea was markedly more active than CeO₂ precipitated by carbonate. The addition of gold to both active CeO₂ catalysts resulted in different effects for the total oxidation of naphthalene. Gold addition promotes the naphthalene conversion to CO₂ when ceria is prepared by precipitation with carbonates, whilst the light off temperature is shifted towards higher temperatures when gold is added to ceria synthesized by the urea method. This behaviour has been related to a change in the support characteristics and a removal of the carbonate surface species, when gold is deposited onto the ceria support.     

Alkylzinc‐Mediated Addition of Alkynes to N‐Tosylaldimines: Enantioselective Synthesis of (E)‐(2‐En‐3‐ynyl)‐amines

An alkylzinc‐mediated simple and efficient procedure for the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of N‐tosyl‐(E)‐(2‐en‐3‐ynyl)‐amines has been developed. The method works well with various N‐tosylaldimines and alkynes.     

拓宽思路优化乙烯装置原料

我国乙烯工业基本以石脑油为原料,气体原料和重质原料较少.2010年我国乙烯原料的消耗量已达到4170×104t以上,是2004年原料消耗量的1.72倍.世界范围内,50％以上的乙烯产能是用石脑油生产的.我国2010年石脑油占乙烯原料的比例为65.9％(质量分数).据估算预测,2013年前后我国用于生产乙烯的原油为2.95×108t/a,包括燃料油在内的原油需求量将达到5.90× 108～7.375× 108t/a,届时原油对外依存度达到64.4％～71.5％.为此,如何减少石脑油的消耗,将是乙烯工业的长期课题.如果把乙烯装置和芳烃抽提装置集成起来,把富含环烷烃和芳烃的劣质石脑油用于生产芳烃,性质改善后的芳烃抽余油用于生产乙烯,扬长避短,物尽其用,可以显著减少合格石脑油的消耗量,减少生产乙烯的原油用量,并具有良好的投资回收期.     

Potential sources of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines in Chinese mutton shashlik

Heterocyclic amines (HAs) are formed in muscle meat during its cooking under ordinary conditions. In this work, we measured the concentration of 15 kinds of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in mutton shashlik which is one of the most popular dishes in China and provided the basis for efforts to quantify dietary exposure to these compounds. Five mutton shashliks bought in market were determined and the concentrations of Harman, Norharman, DMIP, PhIP and AαC were 0.40–1.36, 0.07–0.50, 0.73–65.07, 0.90–25.62, and 0.39–2.13 ng/g, respectively. The mimic experiments have been carried out in an oven to investigate the influence of time, temperature, flavours, and area of heating surface on the formation of HAAs in ground mutton roasted. The levels of HAAs in cooked meat are highly dependent on the cooking time and temperature and increased with the area of heating surface. Meanwhile, flavours have a different impact because of their various characters.