阳离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液黏度降低的研究

降低聚丙烯酰胺的黏度对于研究聚合物驱采油及其采出水的处理、煤气化灰渣的循环利用等有重大意义。本文考察了pH值、氧化物及矿化度对阳离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液黏度的影响,实验结果表明当pH值达到8.5时,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液黏度急剧下降;当NaClO加入浓度达到60 mg/L时就能有效的分解聚丙烯酰胺;当NaCl加入量在250 mg/L时就能使聚丙烯酰胺溶液的黏度降低一半。     

新型阳离子淀粉的制备及其溶液的表面活性

阳离子淀粉在造纸及纺织工业中有广泛的用途。常用的阳离子淀粉不易制备,价格贵,有较强的亲水性而较弱的亲油性,因此影响其表面活性。采用三乙胺与环氧氯丙烷反应制备阳离子化试剂有利于解决上述问题。反应便于控制,容易合成,增强其亲油性。本文报道这种新型阳离子淀粉的制备。通过对各种影响因素的分析,确定适宜的工艺条件为:反应温度,45~50℃;反应时间,4.5 h;氢氧化钠浓度,0.2 mol/L;反应物料比,阳离子化剂/淀粉葡萄糖单元=0.8/1。并测定其水溶液的表面张力降至52.8mN/m,表明该产品具有良好的表面活性。     

阳离子型含氟聚丙烯酸酯乳液的合成与应用

本文报道了阳离子型含氟聚丙烯酸酯乳液的合成方法,该乳液可用作织物整理。通过对聚合过程中影响因素实验研究,测定了乳液在各种应用条件下的稳定性,并确定织物处理后的拒水、拒油性能、透气性能、撕裂性能。     

转相法低温丁苯胶乳改性乳化沥青的制备

采用转相法低温制得了性能良好的丁苯胶乳改性乳化沥青,研究了乳化剂等对沥青乳液稳定性的影响,并讨论了改性沥青的部分性能。结果表明,使用质量分数为2.8%的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵/烷基聚氧乙烯基双季铵盐/聚氧化乙烯烷基醚(质量比1∶1∶3)复合乳化剂,沥青乳液的稳定性能满足T0655—1993标准的要求;Ca2 、NH4 的浓度分别小于1.44,2.34mmol/L时对乳液的稳定性影响不大;当丁苯胶乳与沥青乳液质量比为1∶8时,试样的黏结强度、拉伸强度、扯断伸长率分别达到0.21MPa、0.34MPa、210%,性能达到JC/T408—1996标准的要求。     

我国阳离子染料可染聚酯及其改性剂的研究进展

介绍了我国阳离子可染聚酯(CDP)的生产路线及其改性剂间苯二甲酸二甲酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPM)和间苯二甲酸双羟乙酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPE)的合成工艺。重点介绍了对苯二甲酸(PTA)路线间歇聚合CDP工艺技术。概述了PTA路线的生产现状;分析我国PTA间歇聚合工艺合成CDP存在的问题,建议用中温法合成 SIPE,优化合成工艺,提高CDP产品质量。指出PTA路线连续聚合CDP工艺是今后CDP生产的发展趋势。     

新型双季铵盐阳离子改性剂的合成及其对棉织物的无盐染色性能

以二甲基乙二胺和环氧氯丙烷为原料,合成一种双季铵盐可交联型阳离子改性剂WN.研究了反应原料物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间对合成产物阳离子度、环氧值的影响,得到优化合成条件:n(二甲基乙二胺):n(盐酸)=1.00:0.25,n(二甲基乙二胺):n(环氧氯丙烷)=1:4,70℃,6 h.合成的WN阳离子度为5.68 mm...     

Highly efficient supported AlCl3-based cationic catalysts to produce polyα-olefin oil base stocks

The main aim of this research is to decrease the amount of AlCl₃ content that is very corrosive and hazardous in the catalytic system, required for the α-olefin oligomerization without substantial change of final oil features. This was successfully achieved by supporting AlCl₃ on different carriers. More precisely, a series of supported bimetallic catalysts was synthesized by immobilization of AlCl₃ and TiCl₄ onto Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and mixed supports, that is, Al₂O₃/FeCl₃ and SiO₂/FeCl₃. It was found that silica and alumina-based catalysts had higher catalytic activities compared to support free AlCl₃; however, this enhancement for silica-based supports was more significant. According to gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results, the use of single supports, that is, Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, increased oligomer's molecular weight, while the application of mixed supports resulted in the decrease of molecular weight of the oligomers. Viscosity characteristics of the synthesized oligomers have also been studied at two different temperatures of 40 and 100°C (KV⁴⁰ and KV¹⁰⁰). The viscosity index (VI) values, derived from KV⁴⁰ and KV¹⁰⁰, of the prepared oligomers were in the range of 126–145. The molecular weight and termination mechanisms of the oligomers were studied by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. The obtained results disclosed that the employed reaction conditions led to the production of oligomer chains with various structures including vinylidene (Vd), and di and three-substituted vinylene (2Vn, 3Vn) structures.     

阳离子表面活性剂为乳化剂原位乳液聚合制备PS/MMT纳米复合材料

针对原位乳液聚合法制备聚合物/蒙脱土(MM T)纳米复合材料,为了实现蒙脱土片层的有机化处理和纳米复合材料的形成一步完成,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为乳化剂原位乳液聚合制备了PS/MM T纳米复合材料。XRD、FT-IR、TEM等分析表明,聚苯乙烯已插层进入蒙脱土的层间。在制备过程中,CTAB既充当了乳化剂,又充当了蒙脱土的插层处理剂,促进了苯乙烯在蒙脱土层间的聚合,同时也造成了蒙脱土片层一定程度的聚并。DSC分析表明,复合物的玻璃化转变温度有一定程度的提高。另外,还对蒙脱土存在下乳液聚合的特点进行了研究,发现MM T片层对乳液聚合的影响仅在聚合反应的初始阶段,使聚合速率有所下降,而对反应的后期阶段和反应产物的分子量影响不大。     

一种油田清水剂的合成及应用研究

合成了一种阳离子型清水剂,并对其结构进行了红外谱图、核磁共振谱图表征分析,结果表明该产品与目标产物结构一致。在南海某油田对其净水性能做了现场瓶试试验,在投加量为14 mg/L时,其净水效果良好,下层水中含油质量浓度为79 mg/L。在和多种清水剂的对比试验中发现,该产品的处理效果优于其他几种药剂。     

Excellent Mechanical and Transparency Properties of Cationic Waterborne Polyurethane Films Modified by Boehmite Sol

The strategies for nanosol from metal alkoxide have enabled production of ultratransparent and mechanically robust polymer nanocomposites at extremely high loading. Herein, a simple approach to fabricate high‐performance polyurethane‐based nanocomposites via unmodified boehmite nanoparticles is reported. Evaluating their physical properties, the uniform dispersion of boehmite in the matrix caused nanocomposites retains ultrahigh transparency. Hydrogen bonding and intermolecular entanglement between boehmite and polyurethane brings about the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites material enhanced, i.e., strength, stiffness, and toughness. Optimized strength, stiffness, and toughness of Boehmite/Cationic waterborne polyurethane at 40 wt% (BNC40) are up to 58.1 MPa, 1096.7 MPa, 249.5 MJ m^?3, respectively. Furthermore, the feasibility and mechanism of polymer strengthening and toughening by inorganic rigid nanoparticles is explored from the aspects of crystallinity and micromorphology.