蛋白质接枝改性腈纶的水解工艺研究

采用NaOH溶液对腈纶进行水解,表面接枝蛋白质制得改性腈纶。讨论了NaOH浓度、水解温度、水解时间对腈纶接枝效果的影响。结果表明:在水解反应温度80~90℃、NaOH溶液质量分数14%、水解时间15 m in时,改性腈纶接枝率较高。力学性能分析和电镜表面观察表明:在腈纶表面接枝大豆蛋白质,不仅可以赋予纤维表面完整的蛋白质覆盖层,而且还可以较好的弥补纤维因水解而产生的表面损伤和力学性能下降等缺陷。     

MgCl_2·6H_2O热分解机理的研究

利用综合热分析仪、电阻炉煅烧、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱分析和化学分析,研究了MgCl2.6H2O的热分解机理及中间产物形貌.研究发现:MgCl2.6H2O热分解过程分为六步,在69℃时生成MgCl2.4H2O,129℃时生成MgCl2.2H2O,167℃时生成MgCl2.nH2O(1≤n≤2)和MgOHCl,203℃时MgCl2.nH2O(1≤n≤2)水解与脱水同时进行生成Mg(OH)Cl.0.3H2O,235℃时Mg(OH)Cl.0.3H2O脱水转变为MgOHCl,415℃时MgOHCl直接分解生成MgO.MgOHCl颗粒形状不规则,为多孔结构,Mg(OH)Cl.0.3HO颗粒表面平整.     

Synthesis and characterization of La（OH）_3 nanopowders from hydrolysis of lanthanum carbide

The lanthanum carbide alloy was induction melted in vacuum induction melting furnace from lanthanum and graphite with the mass ratio of 89:11. Lanthanum hydroxide (La(OH)3) nanopowders were prepared by a simple hydrolysis of lanthanum carbide at room temperature under normal atmospheric pressure without any surfactant. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the nanoparticles were with a hex-agonal structure. The effect factors such as reaction time,reaction temperature and the mass ratio of lanthanum carbide p...     

八氯甲基笼型倍半硅氧烷的合成及表征

以氯甲基三氯硅烷为原料,甲醇、氯仿和石油醚为混合溶剂,在浓盐酸和无水三氯化铁为催化剂的条件下水解缩合制备了八氯甲基笼型倍半硅氧烷(CM-POSS)。利用FT-IR、GPC、1 H-NMR、29Si-NMR和XRD等技术对产物的结构进行了表征,并通过TGA研究了其热稳定性。结果表明产物为八氯甲基笼型倍半硅氧烷,且热稳定性良好。     

2-furyloxirane: II. Reduction,hydrolysis, alcoholsis and the uncatalysed polymerization induced by OH groups

The reduction of furyloxirane (FO) with different reducing agents was conducted under various experimental conditions and occurred essentially by the α-opening of the oxirane ring. It was also shown that the presence of Lewis acids favoured this mode of ring opening. The hydrolysis of furanic oxiranes was accompanied by oligomerization even in the absence of a catalyst. Moreover, very small quantities of water induced the oligomerization of FO giving degrees of polymerization of 40–50. This behaviour is unique since aliphatic and aromatic oxiranes are not activated by water alone. The alcoholysis of FO catalysed by metal alkoxides showed variable extents of α- and β-opening of the oxirane ring, depending on the steric hindrance of the alkoxide used.     

Kinetic study of the hydrolysis of two formate esters held in a single organic drop

The rising drop technique was used to study the kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of two formate esters; n-butylformate and iso-amylformate in toluene formed the organic phase, whilst aqueous sodium hydroxide was used as the continuous phase. The effects of ester and alkali concentrations on the rate of the hydrolysis were studied. The order of the reaction was found to change with respect to the concentration of both reactants. Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) was used as a possible catalyst for this liquid–liquid hydrolysis. When CTAB was added to the aqueous phase, enhancement of reaction was observed, whilst its addition to the organic phase caused inhibition of the hydrolysis. It is suggested that the enhancement of the reaction is due to the interaction of micelles in proximity to the interface while the inhibition is probably due to chemical blocking of the interface by adsorbed molecules of ionized CTAB.     

Demystifying DPP III Catalyzed Peptide Hydrolysis—Computational Study of the Complete Catalytic Cycle of Human DPP III Catalyzed Tynorphin Hydrolysis

Dipeptidyl peptides III (DPP III) is a dual-domain zinc exopeptidase that hydrolyzes peptides of varying sequence and size. Despite attempts to elucidate and narrow down the broad substrate-specificity of DPP III, there is no explanation as to why some of them, such as tynorphin (VVYPW), the truncated form of the endogenous heptapeptide spinorphin, are the slow-reacting substrates of DPP III compared to others, such as Leu-enkephalin. Using quantum molecular mechanics calculations followed by various molecular dynamics techniques, we describe for the first time the entire catalytic cycle of human DPP III, providing theoretical insight into the inhibitory mechanism of tynorphin. The chemical step of peptide bond hydrolysis and the substrate binding to the active site of the enzyme and release of the product were described for DPP III in complex with tynorphin and Leu-enkephalin and their products. We found that tynorphin is cleaved by the same reaction mechanism determined for Leu-enkephalin. More importantly, we showed that the product stabilization and regeneration of the enzyme, but not the nucleophilic attack of the catalytic water molecule and inversion at the nitrogen atom of the cleavable peptide bond, correspond to the rate-determining steps of the overall catalytic cycle of the enzyme.     

胰蛋白酶在合成高分子阴离子交换树脂上的固定化作用

研究了胰蛋白酶在合成高分子聚苯乙烯阴离子交换树脂上的固定化技术,固定化酶的动力学性质以及稳定性特征。阴离子交换树指GM201经预处理除去杂质后与偶联剂成二醛反应,再与胰蛋白酶反应,可把酶固定化在载体上。动力学分析表明:固定化胰蛋白酶的K_m(米氏常数)值高于溶液酶,最适温度及最适pH值均有较大变化。稳定性试验表明:固定化酶的热稳定性低于溶液酶,在微酸性,中性及碱性介质中的稳定性高于溶液酶。用固定化胰蛋白酶水解酪蛋白及提取大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂的试验结果表明,固定化酶具有良好的操作稳定性。     

鸡肉酶解过程中呈味成分变化规律研究(英文)

本文研究了Alcalase水解鸡肉过程中其呈味成分变化规律。在整个酶解过程中,游离氨基酸和可溶性氮含量一直以不同趋势增加,而肽含量则在前16h增加,然后缓慢降低。鲜/甜味、苦味氨基酸的组成与含量对鸡肉酶解产物的最终风味有很大的影响。酶解产物中的糖在酶解2h后达到最大值,然后总体上表现为下降趋势。由于酶解产物中糖量较低,其对酶解产物的风味影响不大,但其对产物颜色有重要影响。酶解中,pH在前20min内显著下降,然后减势变缓直到几乎保持恒定,这表明酶解产物的缓冲能力明显增强。