Joint Monitoring of Ground and Sky for Cereal Crops Based on Scatterometer Measurement and ASAR Images

The joint monitoring of the ground and sky for cereal crops based on microwave data has become a popular method for researches on earth surface objects. Focused on the sensitivity of backscatter from the scatterometer measurement and advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) images to cereal parameters of rice, nine acquisitions, including rice parameters related eco-physiological variables and scattering coefficients, have been carried over the paddy field corresponding to rice growth stages. This paper analyzes the relationship between the corresponding backscatter to the cereal parameters based on the measurement at the interesting bands, polarizations, and incidence angels. Further, a modified water cloud model is built based on the ground measurement and advanced integrated equation model (AIEM), and then cereal parameters from ASAR images are retrieved and verified. The research results show that the sensitivity of backscatter to cereals from the sensor of the radar scatterometer could be helpful to build the retrieve model for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, which can achieve the scientific goals of the joint monitoring of ground and sky for cereal crops.     

不同症状小麦赤霉病粒中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的含量分析

目的测定不同症状的小麦赤霉病粒中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的含量。方法采用免疫亲和层析净化高效液相色谱法测定健康、皱缩、皱缩发黑和皱缩发红的小麦籽粒中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇含量。结果健康麦粒中DON的含量为未检出,皱缩红色和皱缩发黑的麦粒中DON的含量均接近我国食品安全国家标准规定的食品中真菌毒素限量1000μg/kg;皱缩麦粒中DON的含量约为皱缩红色麦粒中的一半,极显著低于皱缩红色和皱缩发黑的麦粒(P0.01)。结论本方法能为粮食收购时判断DON毒素的含量提供理论依据。     

黄曲霉毒素检测方法研究进展

黄曲霉毒素主要是由黄曲霉和寄生曲霉产生的一类次级代谢产物,经常污染粮油原料及其制品,具有强致癌性.介绍了黄曲霉毒素毒性及一些国家和地区的残留限量标准;针对不同基质间组分存在较大差异,概述了液液萃取、超临界流体萃取、固相萃取及免疫亲和柱净化等样品前处理方法;同时对薄层色谱、高效液相色谱、酶联免疫吸附等测定黄曲霉毒素的方法、原理、应用及特点进行了综述;最后分析了黄曲霉毒素检测技术的发展趋势.     

加工方式对谷物和豆类估计血糖生成指数的影响

采用体外消化法研究了蒸煮、挤压、滚筒干燥3种加工方式对薏米、黑麦、燕麦、鹰嘴豆及花芸豆估计血糖生成指数(eGI)的影响。结果表明,蒸煮后谷物和豆类eGI由高到低依次为:黑麦薏米燕麦花芸豆鹰嘴豆;挤压后谷物和豆类eGI由高到低依次为:薏米黑麦燕麦花芸豆鹰嘴豆;滚筒干燥后谷物和豆类eGI由高到低依次为:薏米黑麦燕麦花芸豆鹰嘴豆。同一种谷物或豆类经蒸煮、挤压、滚筒干燥3种加工方式加工后其eGI由高到低依次为:滚筒干燥挤压蒸煮。     

谷物膨化混合粉的应用研究

以优质的黑米、薏米、荞麦粉为原料，采用现代挤压膨化技术制成膨化粉，将膨化粉按一定比例添加到小麦粉中，分别制作出营养保健价值很高的馒头、蛋糕、烤糕，研制出相应的馒头制作工艺、蛋糕制作工艺、烤糕制作工艺和工艺参数。     

食品法典标准与我国粮油食品标准的比较

本文介绍了食品法典的标准体系和主要内容，并将食品法典中的粮油食品标准与我国粮油食品标准进行了系统的比较，提出了目前我国粮油食品标准体系中存在和亟待解决的一些问题。     

In vitro fermentation of cereal dietary fibre carbohydrates by probiotic and intestinal bacteria

A range of probiotic and other intestinal bacteria were examined for their ability to ferment the dietary fibre carbohydrates β‐glucan, xylan, xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS) and arabinoxylan. β‐Glucan was fermented by Bacteroides spp and Clostridium beijerinckii but was not fermented by lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, enterococci or Escherichia coli. Unsubstituted xylan was not fermented by any of the probiotic bacteria examined. However, many Bifidobacterium species and Lactobacillus brevis were able to grow to high yields using XOS. XOS were also efficiently fermented by some Bacteroides isolates but not by E coli, enterococci, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens or by the majority of intestinal Lactobacillus species examined. Bifidobacterium longum strains were able to grow well using arabinoxylan as the sole carbon source. These organisms hydrolysed and fermented the arabinosyl residues from arabinoxylan but did not substantially utilise the xylan backbone of the polysaccharide. Arabinoxylan was not fermented by lactobacilli, enterococci, E coli, C perfringens or C difficile and has potential to be an applicable carbohydrate to complement probiotic Bif longum strains in synbiotic combinations. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

响应面法优化杂粮面团配方

目的 利用设计响应面法对杂粮面团的配方进行优化。方法 以高筋面粉和杂粮粉组成3种杂粮面团的基础配方, 利用食品质构仪检测不同配比对杂粮面团咀嚼型、硬度、粘性等7个质构指标的影响, 借助响应面Box-Behnken方法优选出最佳参数。结果 经优化后配方2最佳参数为面料配料比(m/m)为1.03:1, 加水量(V/V))为44%, 加水温度50.00 ℃, 预期值为0.406301,验证实验平均响应值为0.398529, 与预测值相符; 配方3最佳参数为面料配料比(m/m)为0.99:1, 加水量(V/V)为45%, 加水温度43.96 ℃, 预期值为0.443361,验证实验平均响应值为0.441185, 与预期值相符。结论 经过优化后的杂粮面团感官指标较为优秀, 可为后期杂粮食品的开发研究奠定技术研究基础。