模具行业发展现状分析

模具是工业生产的基础工艺装备,被誉为"工业之母"。简要介绍了我国模具地域分布及行业现状,重点分析了广东模具行业现状及政策优势、当前广东模具行业面临的机遇与挑战,提出充分利用广东模具行业政策优势、促进模具产业转型升级、大力发展高技术含量模具及加快模具行业高层次人才培养,是广东模具继续引领我国模具产业迎来更大发展的关键所在。     

云计算给业务平台的发展与运维带来的机遇与挑战

通过分析现阶段增值业务平台发展存在的主要问题,结合云计算的特点及优势说明引入云计算技术解决这些问题的机遇,同时探讨随着云计算技术在业务平台领域大规模的应用,在业务平台的运维等方面需要面临的挑战。     

符合环保要求和盈利的炼钢

巴登钢厂多年来采用了环境保护管理理念.致力于减少钢厂向大气、水和土壤中的排放,而且还开发了诸如钢渣、灰尘、氧化铁皮回收作为副产品.这些理念的成功可以看到巴登钢厂的排放值很低,也从副产品回收得到利润.其他诸如减少噪音和检测来自废钢并进入钢铁制造过程中的放射源,这个问题越来越引起钢铁界重视.根据25年来钢铁行业环保的工作经...     

Method for evaluation of the efficacy of antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetic wet wipes

Many cosmetic formulations are now available in the form of wet wipes packaged in sealed sachets or packets. Like the majority of cosmetic products having an aqueous phase, wipes are susceptible to microbial contamination and require the addition of preservatives. The efficacy of such preservatives can be evaluated using a standard challenge test performed on the wetting liquid but this test cannot be regarded as representative for this new type of formulation. The method presented here evaluates the efficacy of preservatives used in wet wipes kept in their original packaging. Dried inoculums were prepared by membrane filtration followed by drying in an incubator. The method is applicable to bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis), Bacillus cereus spores and fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). These inoculated carriers were inserted between two wipes in the original package, which was then re-sealed immediately. The test requires one dry inoculum per packet and one packet for each control or test. After incubation at 22.5 degrees C for 1, 2, 7, 14 or 28 days and, for the control, immediately after insertion of the membrane (time 0), microorganism counts were performed on the germ-carrier membranes as well as on adjacent wipes, after transfer into a suitable neutralizing agent. The membranes were shaken in the presence of glass beads and microorganisms were dissociated from the wipes by means of a Stomacher. The supernatants recovered after being left to stand for 20 min are counted by pour plate method or membrane filtration. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated for each of the seven above-mentioned strains. The repeatability and reproducibility of the results obtained is similar to that obtained for preservative efficacy tests in the Pharmacopoeias. The lethal rate of microorganisms during the preparation of dry inoculums ranges from 50 to 90% depending on the strain and the test (generally, a spontaneous reduction of about 1 log up to a maximum of 2 log). The recovery rate for microorganisms from dry inoculums (on membranes) at time 0 (control = T(0)) is around 90%, regardless of the strain or the test. The number of microorganisms recovered from the wipes (W(0)) is between 2 and 10% of the number recovered from membranes (T(0)) and may be considered negligible. Application of this method to different types of wipes demonstrates that the efficacy of preservatives, expressed as the logarithmic reduction in the number of microorganisms at each time point, depends on the type of wipe and on the strain tested. The results obtained are considerably different from those found with the standard challenge tests applied to wetting liquids for wipes. The differences found confirm the need for a specific method applicable to wipes.     

中国炼油及石化工业的未来之路

中国炼油及石化工业的未来充满希望和挑战,未来世界石油需求将继续增长、石油产量即将达到高峰,世晃将进入后石油时代。指出了中国炼油及石化工业发展的未来之路：发展规模化、加氢型、油煤气共炼、运输燃料收率最大化的炼油工业;生物质、煤炭部分替代石油;发展原料多元化、产品高附加值化的石化工业：绿色低碳、技术驱动、国际合作共促发展。     

在挑战中寻找机遇的中国石油化学工业

介绍了中国石油化学工业的发展现状及面临的挑战和机遇。展望未来,中国石油化学工业将在挑战中寻找机遇,加快转变发展方式,加快产业转型升级,实现石油化学工业集约发展、清洁发展、低碳发展和可持续发展。     

当前农药研发的挑战和趋势

为了满足快速增长人口所需要的粮食,农药研究人员采用了最前沿的设计理念与合成技术开发高效、高选择性、环境安全和低成本的农用化学品以解决目前面临杂草和病虫害的抗药性、严格的环境监管和原料成本上升带来的巨大挑战.     

Identification of the Tennessee Eastman challenge process with subspace methods

The Tennessee Eastman challenge process is a realistic simulation of a chemical process that has been widely used in process control studies. In this case study, several identification methods are examined and used to develop MIMO models that contain seven inputs and ten outputs. ARX and finite impulse response models are identified using reduced-rank regression techniques (PLS and CCR) and state-space models identified with prediction error methods and subspace algorithms. For a variety of reasons, the only successful models are the state-space models produced by two popular subspace algorithms, N4SID and canonical variate analysis (CVA). The CVA model is the most accurate. Important issues for identifying the Tennessee Eastman challenge process and comparisons between the subspace algorithms are also discussed.     

合成氨工业:过去、现在和未来——合成氨工业创立100周年回顾、启迪和挑战

Haber-Bosch发明的催化合成氨技术创立已经100周年。合成氨工业的巨大成功,改变了世界粮食生产的历史,解决了人类因人口增长所需要的粮食,奠定了多相催化科学和化学工程科学基础。催化合成氨技术在20世纪化学工业的发展中起着核心的作用。本文回顾了合成氨工业的创立和发展过程及其启迪,展望了合成氨工业未来和面临的新挑战,指出经典的传统合成氨工业与新兴产业密切相关,可以说是新兴产业的基础,蕴含着一系列高新技术。了解和熟悉合成氨的工艺流程和设备以及合成氨过程的成熟技术和实践经验,对于了解现代化工、能源、材料、环保领域一系列共性、关键技术,尤其是对于现代新型煤化工,具有强烈的启迪和借鉴作用。     

“十一五”节能：江西面临的挑战

节能降耗对江西经济社会意义重大,有利于江西经济结构调整和经济增长方式的转变,有利于构建“和谐江西”。“十一五”前三年江西节能降耗取得重大进展,全省单位GDP能耗累计下降12．2％,但是没有完成进度目标任务,后两年节能压力加大。目前制约节能降耗的不利因素仍然存在,江西节能形势所面临的挑战仍诸多,需要采取切实可行的对策,打好节能降耗的攻坚战、持久战。