Adsorption Characteristics of Trivalent Rare Earths and Chemical Stability of a Silica-Based Macroporous TODGA Adsorbent in HNO3 Solution

In order to separate trivalent minor actinides (Am and Cm) from high-level liquid waste generated in a nuclear fuel reprocessing process, a silica-based macroporous TODGA (N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl-3-oxapentane-1,5-diamide) adsorbent (TODGA/SiO₂-P) was prepared. In this study, the adsorption characteristics of some trivalent rare earths (Y, Nd, and Eu), whose separation behaviors were similar to those of the minor actinides from HNO₃ solution with the TODGA/SiO₂-P adsorbent, and the chemical stability of the adsorbent against the HNO₃ solution were evaluated experimentally. It was found that the adsorbent exhibited a quite strong adsorption especially for Y(III). The standard enthalpy change for the Y(III) adsorption was determined to be ?2.5kJ·mol^?1 using the van't Hoff equation, which indicates that the adsorption was an exothermic reaction. The results of chemical stability experiments showed that the adsorbent had relatively excellent properties in long-time contact with the HNO₃ solution.     

氧化铜（CuO）作催化剂测定废水化学需氧量(CODCr)试验

以CuO作为替代催化剂体系,协同硫磷混酸介质,探讨了无银催化法测定污水中化学需氧量(COD)的系列条件试验。结果表明测定最佳条件为CuO以粉末形式投加,投加量为0.05 g、硫酸∶磷酸(体积比)为5∶1、消解温度控制在160℃、消解时间为2 h,准确度、精密度与国标法有较好的可比性,其相对标准偏差为0.40%-0.58%。在实际废水测定中,与国标法测定结果比较,加标回收率为97.0%-103.3%。该方法完全可以成为常规实验室的适用方法。     

Scalable arrays of chemical vapor sensors based on DNA-decorated graphene

Arrays of chemical vapor sensors based on graphene field effect transistors functionalized with single-stranded DNA have been demonstrated. Standard photolithographic processing was adapted for use on large-area graphene by including a metal protection layer, which protected the graphene from contamination and enabled fabrication of high quality field-effect transistors （GFETs）. Processed graphene devices had hole mobilities of 1,640 ± 250 cm2.V-1.s-1 and Dirac voltages of 15 ± 10 V under ambient conditions. Atomic force microscopy was used to verify that the graphene surface remained uncontaminated and therefore suitable for controlled chemical functionalization. Single-stranded DNA was chosen as the functionalization layer due to its affinity to a wide range of target molecules and π-π stacking interaction with graphene, which led to minimal degradation of device characteristics. The resulting sensor arrays showed analyte- and DNA sequence-dependent responses down to parts-per-billion concentrations. DNA/GFET sensors were able to differentiate among chemically similar analytes, including a series of carboxylic acids, and structural isomers of carboxylic acids and pinene. Evidence for the important role of electrostatic chemical gating was provided by the observation of understandable differences in the sensor response to two compounds that differed only by the replacement of a （deprotonating） hydroxyl group by a neutral methyl group. Finally, target analytes were detected without loss of sensitivity in a large background of a chemically similar, volatile compound. These results motivate further development of the DNA/graphene sensor family for use in an electronic olfaction system.     

Latent heat energy storage characteristics of building composites of bentonite clay and pumice sand with different organic PCMs

In the present work, six new kinds of building composite PCMs (BCPCMs), PS/octadecane, BC/octadecane, PS/CA–MA, BC/CA–MA, PS/PEG1000, and BC/PEG1000 composites, were prepared by using vacuum impregnation method. The maximum percent of PCM in the composites was assigned to be 12, 13, 18, 23, 30, and 42 wt%, respectively. The form‐stable BCPCMs were characterized using SEM, FT‐IR, DSC, and TG analysis techniques. The characterization results showed the existence of homogenous dispersion of the PCM into the PBM matrixes. The DSC measurements indicated that the melting temperatures of the form‐stable BCPCMs are in the range of 20–33°C while they have latent heats of melting in the range of about 28–55 J/g. These results make them promising BCPCMs for low temperature‐passive TES applications in buildings. Thermal cycling test indicated that the prepared BCPCMs have good thermal reliability and chemical stability. TG analysis proved that the prepared BCPCMs have good thermal durability. In addition, the thermal conductivity of BCPCMs was enhanced considerably by addition of expanded graphite (EG). The improvement in thermal conductivity of the BCPCMs caused appreciably reduction in their melting times. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cobalt and nickel aluminate spinels: Blue and cyan pigments

M²⁺-doped aluminate spinels (M=Co or Ni) were prepared by a polymeric route leading to pure phases for synthesis temperatures equal to 800 or 1200 °C and characterized by UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, ²⁷Al NMR and XRD refinements. Coloration of the synthesized pigments is clearly sensitive to the distribution of doping ions in the aluminate spinel lattice. As the synthesis temperature increased, a color shift from green to blue has been observed for Zn_1−xCo_xAl₂O₄ compound while coloration of Zn_1−xNi_xAl₂O₄ compound remains greenish-gray. Hence, to improve pigment coloration and/or synthesis cost, two different strategies have been proposed: (i) the synthesis of aluminum over-stoichiometric spinel with Zn_0.9Co_0.1Al_2.2O_4+δ formal composition in order to force Co²⁺ to be located in tetrahedral sites and (ii) changing from ZnAl₂O₄ to MgAl₂O₄ as host lattices for Ni²⁺ doping ions in order to force Ni²⁺ to be located in octahedral sites.     

Numerical and sensitivity analysis of MHD bioconvective slip flow of nanomaterial with binary chemical reaction and Newtonian heating

The impact of Stefan blowing on the MHD bioconvective slip flow of a nanofluid towards a sheet is explored using numerical and statistical tools. The governing partial differential equations are nondimensionalized and converted to similarity equations using apposite transformations. These transformed equations are solved using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with the shooting technique. Graphical visualizations are used to scrutinize the effect of the controlling parameters on the flow profiles, skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt, and Sherwood number. Moreover, the sensitivities of the reduced Sherwood and Nusselt number to the input variables of interest are explored by adopting the response surface methodology. The outcomes of the limiting cases are emphatically in corroboration with the outcomes from preceding research. It is found that the heat transfer rate has a positive sensitivity towards the haphazard motion of the nanoparticles and a negative sensitivity towards the thermomigration. The thermal field is enhanced by the Stefan blowing aspect. Moreover, the fluid velocity can be controlled by the applied magnetic field.     

化工大型机组的管理保养技术

化工机组设备的维护、保养和管理工作的在企业之中是非常重要的,只有提升企业管理、维护、保养机组的工作水平才能够让企业跟上时代发展的脚步。对化工机组设备维护管理的意义、维护保养的技术及其存在的问题和难点逐一进行介绍。     

Research progress on chemical modification of silk fibroin and its applications北大核心CSCD

Mulberry silk is composed of the two major parts of two triangle-like silk fibroin fibers and sericin covering the fibers and a few lipids. After removing the sericin on the raw silk what is left is the silk fibroin fiber. Silk fibroin is the main part of silk accounting for about 75% of the total weight. Silk fibroin contains 18 natural amino acids such as glycine Gly alanine Ala serine Ser serine aspartic acid Asp and tyrosine Tyr . The secondary structure of silk fibroin has three main conformations α-helix β-fold and random coil. Under certain conditions the three conformations can transform into each other and change the mechanical properties of the silk fibroin material. Silk fibroin extracted from silk fiber is a natural polymer with biocompatibility and biodegradability. It can be further processed into different forms of materials nanoparticles films hydrogels sponges etc. It has been applied in many fields such as biomedicine and cosmetics. In order to meet the needs of different fields researchers have conducted further chemical modification treatment based on the original excellent properties of silk fibroin. Meanwhile the active groups on various amino acid residues in silk fibroin also provide chemical reaction sites for the chemical modification of silk fibroin. The chemical modification methods of silk fibroin mainly include amino acid residue modification macromolecular grafting modification and crosslinking reaction modification. Among them amino acid residue modification can modify protein amino acid residues by chemical reagents and some groups can be introduced into the side chains of silk fibroin macromolecules. Grafting modification of silk fibroin macromolecules is one of the main means to bind functional compounds to silk fibroin macromolecular chains. The properties of grafted silk fibroin are affected by the type and grafting rate of the grafts. The chemical crosslinking reaction modification of silk fibroin macromolecules is to make the macromolecular chains connected by covalent bonds and form a network structure by means of crosslinking agents enzymes or ultraviolet irradiation. The cross-linking reaction can not only form covalent bonds within and between the molecular chains of silk fibroin thus changing its structural properties and improving its stability but be used to form covalent bonds with other polymers. At present the chemical modification of silk fibroin is mainly applied in the fields of silk textiles biomedicine and environmental science. In the field of silk textiles graft copolymerization modification of vinyl and other monomers crosslinking agent modification and other methods are used to overcome the shortcomings of silk like being easy to wrinkle. The graft modified monomers mainly include ethylene methacrylate and methylacrylamide. The active groups on crosslinking agents such as polycarboxylic acid / anhydride and epoxide are covalently combined with carboxyl hydroxyl and amino groups on macromolecules of silk fibroin to improve the wrinkle resistance of silk fabrics. In the field of biomedicine silk fibroin materials with appropriate chemical modification have better biological activity drug delivery ability antimicrobial properties and mechanical properties. The optimization of these properties enables silk fibroin materials to show great potential in drug control delivery tissue regeneration and wound repair. The applied research in the field of environmental science mainly focuses on the adsorption separation and catalysis of impurities in water. Therefore the modification of amino acid residues grafting and cross-linking of protein macromolecules can change some important properties of silk fibroin and meet the requirements of various applications and functionalization of silk fibroin. In many fields of chemical modification and application of silk fibroin protein fruitful results have been achieved which has laid a good foundation for the further development of related fields and also shows that the chemical modification of silk fibroin material has great potential and application prospects. However there are still some problems that need to be overcome and further improved in the current chemical modification methods such as mild modification conditions and accurate adjustment of the degree of modification which will be the research direction of related fields in the future. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Adaptive sampling strategy for characterizing spatial distribution of soil liquefaction potential using cone penetration test

Characterizing spatial distribution of soil liquefaction potential is critical for assessing liquefaction-related hazards (e.g. building damages caused by liquefaction-induced differential settlement). However, in engineering practice, soil liquefaction potential is usually measured at limited locations in a specific site using in situ tests, e.g. cone penetration tests (CPTs), due to the restrictions of time, cost and access to subsurface space. In these cases, liquefaction potential of soil at untested locations requires to be interpreted from limited measured data points using proper interpolation method, leading to remarkable statistical uncertainty in liquefaction assessment. This underlines an important question of how to optimize the locations of CPT soundings and determine the minimum number of CPTs for achieving a target reliability level of liquefaction assessment. To tackle this issue, this study proposes a smart sampling strategy for determining the minimum number of CPTs and their optimal locations in a self-adaptive and data-driven manner. The proposed sampling strategy leverages on information entropy and Bayesian compressive sampling (BCS). Both simulated and real CPT data are used to demonstrate the proposed method. Illustrative examples indicate that the proposed method can adaptively and sequentially select the required number and optimal locations of CPTs.