基于多尺度的贝叶斯模型显著性检测

针对传统基于贝叶斯模型的显著性检测算法存在准确率不理想的问题,提出了一种基于多尺度的贝叶斯模型显著性检测算法。通过超像素分割算法(SLIC)将原图分割成不同尺度的超像素,根据超像素边界信息得到背景种子,进而通过距离计算和多尺度融合得到背景先验;对原图进行颜色增强,采用Harris算子对增强图进行检测角点求得凸包,融合不同尺度下的超像素得到凸包先验;融合背景先验和凸包先验得到最终先验;利用颜色直方图和凸包计算似然概率;将最终先验和似然概率通过贝叶斯模型计算显著图。在公开数据集MSRA1000、ECSSD上与多种传统算法进行准确率和召回率对比,该算法有更好的表现。     

Evaluation of percentage oil yield,energy requirement and mechanical properties of selected bulk oilseeds under compression loading

The present study examined the percentage oil output, energy and mechanical properties of selected bulk oilseeds namely pumpkin, hemp, sesame, milk thistle, cumin and flax by a uniaxial compression process of a maximum load capacity of 500 kN and a preset speed of 5 mm/min. Each sample was measured at 60 mm pressing height with a plunger using the pressing vessel of diameter 60 mm. The results show that milk thistle seeds required the highest force corresponding to the highest stress and energy demand for recovering the oil in both the bulk oilseeds and seedcakes. However, pumpkin seeds produced the maximum residual oil yield of 24.99 ± 0.04%, followed by sesame seeds at 21.29 ± 1.82% and then flax seeds at 22.61 ± 0.31%. The study revealed that higher energy is required to produce the maximum oil yield with minimum residual oil in the seedcake by continuous pressing.     

Proximate Composition and Seed Lipid Components of Sorghum Cultivars from Argentina

Seeds of 11 sorghum cultivars ( Sorghum bicolor ) from Argentina were analysed for proximate composition, fatty acids and sterols. Oil, protein, carbohydrate and ash contents varied between 41 and 66 g kg⁻¹, 111 and 156 g kg⁻¹, 670 and 730 g kg⁻¹ and 13·8 and 20·6 g kg⁻¹ of dry matter, respectively. Fatty acid profiles revealed that the major acids were palmitic (15·1–24·8%), oleic (29·9–41·8%) and linoleic (35·9–51·3%). Unsaponifiable matter was examined for sterols. Sitosterol was the prominent component in all cultivars (43·8–57·9%), followed by campesterol (18·7–29·1%) and stigmasterol (12·4–20·5%).     

Endogenous Polyamines and Ethylene Biosynthesis in Relation to Germination of Osmoprimed Brassica napus Seeds under Salt Stress

Currently, seed priming is reported as an efficient and low-cost approach to increase crop yield, which could not only promote seed germination and improve plant growth state but also increase abiotic stress tolerance. Salinity represents one of the most significant abiotic stresses that alters multiple processes in plants. The accumulation of polyamines (PAs) in response to salt stress is one of the most remarkable plant metabolic responses. This paper examined the effect of osmopriming on endogenous polyamine metabolism at the germination and early seedling development of Brassica napus in relation to salinity tolerance. Free, conjugated and bound polyamines were analyzed, and changes in their accumulation were discussed with literature data. The most remarkable differences between the corresponding osmoprimed and unprimed seeds were visible in the free (spermine) and conjugated (putrescine, spermidine) fractions. The arginine decarboxylase pathway seems to be responsible for the accumulation of PAs in primed seeds. The obvious impact of seed priming on tyramine accumulation was also demonstrated. Moreover, the level of ethylene increased considerably in seedlings issued from primed seeds exposed to salt stress. It can be concluded that the polyamines are involved in creating the beneficial effect of osmopriming on germination and early growth of Brassica napus seedlings under saline conditions through moderate changes in their biosynthesis and accumulation.     

电子束和离子注入处理鸡冠花种子对当代(Mo)植株生长发育影响的初步研究

利用电子束和氮离子、氢离子注入处理普通鸡冠花干种子,试验结果表明,两种诱变处理均能显著抑制鸡冠花植株的生长、发育,并能有效地诱发花性状变异,变异株率可达0.5%—2%。电子束处理鸡冠花干种子的半致死剂量(LD50)经测定为1.2kGy左右;离子注入处理的半致死剂量随注入离子种类不同而不同,N 注入的半致死剂量(LD50)为1.6×1017/cm2,H 注入的半致死剂量应低于1.6×1016/cm2。鸡冠花干种子电子束处理的适宜剂量为1.5kGy左右,离子注入处理的适宜方法是N 1.6×1016/cm2。同时鸡冠花对高剂量辐照较不敏感,是一种耐强辐照的资源。     

Analysis of tannins in seeds and skins of Shiraz grapes throughout berry development

The flavan-3-ol and proanthocyanidin composition of both seeds and skin of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz grapes was determined by reversed-phase HPLC after acetone extraction and acid-catalysis in the presence of excess phloroglucinol. Samples were taken at weekly intervals from fruit-set until commercial harvest. The main period of proanthocyanidin accumulation in grape seeds occurred immediately after fruit-set with maximum levels observed around veraison. Over two seasons there was variation in both the timing and content of proanthocyanidins in seeds. In skin, proanthocyanidin accumulation occurred from fruit set until 1–2 weeks after veraison. Proanthocyanidin subunit composition was different in seeds and skin and changed during berry development but the mean degree of polymerisation of the tannin polymers in skins was higher than in the seeds at all stages of berry development. Proanthocyanidin levels in both seeds and skin decreased between veraison and harvest. Additional proanthocyanidin subunits were released when the residues remaining after acetone extraction were subjected to direct acid-catalysis in the presence of phloroglucinol. In the seeds, these accounted for much of the post-veraison decrease, but not in grape skin. At harvest, 75% of extractable berry proanthocyanidin was in the seeds. Accumulation of proanthocyanidins in the seeds appears to be independent of that in the skins, but in both tissues synthesis occurs early in berry development and maximum levels are reached around veraison.     

芝麻及芝麻油中主要抗氧化物质的研究进展

芝麻及芝麻油都含有抗氧化物质,其中起着抗氧化作用的主要是酚类物质.主要介绍芝麻及芝麻油中的主要抗氧化物质、生理功能和它们的提取方法.     

板栗真空爆壳工艺条件的优化

以浙江丽水产的新鲜板栗为原料,对影响板栗真空爆壳效果的预热温度、预热时间、爆壳温度、爆壳时间等主要因素进行试验研究,优化板栗真空爆壳工艺条件。结果表明,其最佳工艺参数为预热温度80℃,预热时间20min,爆壳温度75℃,爆壳时间120min。该工艺条件下,板栗的爆壳率可达到90%以上,而栗仁失水率低于3%,保持生鲜完好。     

不同板栗品种营养成分及风味物质分析

对6 种板栗的基础营养成分、风味物质进行测定,并对质地进行分析。6 种板栗的营养成分呈现品种和地区差异性,河南大板栗的淀粉、总酸含量较高,而在蛋白质、脂肪、还原糖、VC含量方面河北品种含量较高,各品种的脂肪与还原糖、VC含量呈显著正相关,VC与蛋白、还原糖呈显著正相关,淀粉与VC含量呈显著负相关。各品种板栗氨基酸种类齐全,含量较高的为谷氨酸和天冬氨酸,第1、第2限制氨基酸为半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸,大板红总氨基酸含量最高达32.72 g/kg。检测出46 种香气成分,香气物质种类最高的为大板栗（25 种）,其次为早丰和遵玉（均17 种）,大板红、塔丰及红油栗（16 种）,相对含量高的成分均为醛类达50%以上。板栗各质地参数间的相关性表明,硬度与咀嚼性、胶黏性呈显著正相关,内聚性与胶黏性、咀嚼性呈极显著正相关,弹性与胶黏性、咀嚼性呈一定的负相关,大板红及大板栗在果仁的硬度、弹性、胶黏性、咀嚼性大于其他几个品种。综合分析认为大板红品质比较优良,由于各地气候条件也有差异,应根据不同地理条件、产品用途等选择合适的品种进行种植及产品加工。     

速溶板栗粉的研制

以板栗为原料研究了制作速溶板栗粉的加工工艺,重点研究板栗浆液的最佳酶解条件及稳定剂的选择和复配。研究表明:最佳酶解条件为添加占栗仁质量0.2%的α-淀粉酶,料水比(g:mL)1∶3,温度65℃,pH 7.0,酶解时间20min。复合稳定剂的用量为栗浆的0.459%,其中海藻酸钠、CMC、卵磷脂和单甘酯的质量比为7.1∶6.2∶1∶1。