大豆分离蛋白-瓜尔胶生物材料混合体系疏水性的研究

以大豆分离蛋白为原料,添加瓜尔胶多糖,通过共混改性制备生物材料溶液,探讨了混合体系在不同pH、不同蛋白、盐和瓜尔胶浓度条件下表面疏水值的变化。结果表明:瓜尔胶多糖加入到单组分大豆分离蛋白体系后,会使体系表面疏水值降低;未加盐时pH=8.0条件下,体系可溶性蛋白的表面疏水值最大,加入盐后pH=10.0时混合体系表面疏水值明显大于纯水条件;且pH=10.0条件下,当盐浓度小于0.1mol/L时,体系表面疏水值随盐浓度的增大而增大,反之减小。此研究为大豆分离蛋白-瓜尔胶生物材料的成膜机理解释奠定了理论基础。     

Physical properties of spray dried acerola pomace extract as affected by temperature and drying aids

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of some processing parameters on moisture content, flowability, hygroscopicity and water solubility of spray dried acerola pomace extract using maltodextrin and cashew tree gum as drying aids. The experiment was conducted according to Response Surface Methodology, with the independent variables being: inlet temperature (170-200 °C), drying aid/acerola ratio (2:1-5:1), and percent replacement of maltodextrin by cashew tree gum (0-100%). Higher inlet temperatures favored the desired physical properties of the powders, decreasing their moisture contents and hygroscopicity, and increasing flowability. The drying aids decreased the powder hygroscopicity, especially cashew tree gum (CTG), which also enhanced the powder flowability. The best processing conditions to obtain a free-flowing and least hygroscopic acerola pomace extract powder by spray drying were: inlet temperature above 194 °C; drying aid/acerola solid ratio, 4:1; percent replacement of maltodextrin by CTG, at least 80%.     

海藻酸钠-阿拉伯胶固定化酸性蛋白酶及其性质的研究

以海藻酸钠（SA）与阿拉伯胶（GA）为载体固定化酸性蛋白酶,以酶活回收率为评价指标,在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验优化固定化条件。得到以SA-AG复合凝胶为载体制备固定化酸性蛋白酶的最佳工艺条件为：复合凝胶质量浓度3.5 g/100 mL,SA与AG质量比2∶1,氯化钙质量浓度7.0 g/100 mL,固定化时间1.0 h,给酶量1 540 U/g,吸附时间2.0 h,酶液pH值为3.0。此最佳条件下,固定化酸性蛋白酶酶活回收率为67.34%,酶活力为1 380 U/g。固定化酶酶学性质的研究结果表明,固定化酸性蛋白酶的最适作用温度（45 ℃）和最适反应pH值（pH=3）均与游离酶相同,但其热稳定性优于游离酶,且随着温度的升高这种优势越明显。     

机制盘香粘合剂研发

为配合专用盘香加工机的普及使用,研发了机制盘香粘合剂.对盘香加工设备进行了简要说明,对影响盘香性能的主要因素包括粘合剂配方、木粉和粘合剂比例、干粉和水的比例等进行了分析,得到了理想的配比和工艺参数.该粘合剂已经实现工业化生产.     

亚麻籽胶在乳化肠中添加方式的研究

为最佳地发挥亚麻籽胶在乳化肠中的应用效果,考察亚麻籽胶以不同的方式加入以及加入后斩拌时间对乳化肠水油渗出率、保水性、质构的影响。结果表明：亚麻籽胶的添加量为0.2g/100g和0.3g/100g时,以乳化物方式加入亚麻籽胶生产的乳化肠析水率显著低于以粉末方式加入的乳化肠（P〈0.05）;以乳化物方式添加亚麻籽胶的乳化肠水油渗出率低,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）。以乳化物方式加入亚麻籽胶的乳化肠硬度显著低于以粉末方式加入的乳化肠（P〈0.05）;对乳化肠的弹性影响差异不显著（P〉0.05）。在4℃贮藏期间,以乳化物方式加入亚麻籽胶的乳化肠更好地保持了其质构稳定性。以乳化物方式加入亚麻籽胶后,比较斩拌1、2、3min的乳化肠发现,斩拌3min的乳化肠贮藏期间质构稳定,持水持油性较好。     

复配魔芋胶在果冻生产中的应用

研究了以复配魔芋胶为胶凝剂在果冻生产中的应用。结果表明 ,复配魔芋胶大大降低了果冻的脱液收缩率 ;在果冻生产上 ,复配魔芋胶优于卡拉胶     

仙草胶提取方法比较研究

以广东增城派潭镇的仙草为原料,研究了碱液沸水提取仙草胶和碱液超声波辅助提取仙草胶的工艺,以及两种方法获得的仙草胶的特性黏度和多糖含量。碱液沸水法提取仙草胶的最佳工艺为:料液比为1:40,Na2CO3浓度为0.3%,浸提时间为90min,此条件下仙草胶得率达到36.80%。碱液超声波提取仙草胶的最佳工艺为:Na2CO3浓度为0.3%,料液比为1:40,超声功率为600W,提取时间为60min,此条件下仙草胶得率达到38.12%。碱液沸水法提取的仙草胶在25℃的特性粘度为99.608mL/g;碱液超声波提取的仙草胶在25℃的特性黏度为117.33mL/g。碱液沸水法提取的仙草胶中多糖含量为216.27mg/g;碱液超声波提取的仙草胶中多糖含量为309.08mg/g。     

魔芋胶和瓜尔豆胶对鸭血豆腐食用品质的影响

研究添加魔芋胶与瓜尔豆胶对鸭血豆腐食用品质的影响。以新鲜鸭血为原料,添加魔芋胶和瓜尔豆胶为 稳定剂,凝血10 min,90 ℃加热40 min制成鸭血豆腐。测定鸭血豆腐的离心损失、蒸煮损失、析水率、色泽和质构 等指标,并进行感官评定。结果表明：单独添加魔芋胶或瓜尔豆胶均能降低鸭血豆腐的离心损失、蒸煮损失和析 水率,同时改善产品的质构;当魔芋胶和瓜尔豆胶以质量比7∶3进行复配,在生产鸭血豆腐时添加量为4.0 g/L时, 其效果达到最佳,能够显著改善鸭血豆腐的亮度（P＜0.05）,硬度、弹性、胶着性和咀嚼性等质构特性也明显提 高,感官上切面光滑均匀,呈红褐色,孔隙少且细小。因此,魔芋胶与瓜尔豆胶复配添加具有协同稳定作用,能够 显著改善鸭血豆腐的食用品质。     

季铵型瓜尔胶的制备及在纸质文献加固中的应用

纸质文献是人类文明的瑰宝,大量的脆弱纸质文献亟待加固保护,因此急需探究一种与纸张纤维相容性好、操作简便、加固效果显著的材料。本研究对天然高分子瓜尔胶进行季铵化改性,制得取代度为0.137的季铵型瓜尔胶,改性产物具有更好的溶解性及稳定性,并将其应用于纸质文献加固。结果表明,相比未处理厚纸,加固处理后纸张的抗张强度从2.64 kN/m提升至3.16 kN/m、耐折度从7次提升至13次、撕裂度从161.5 mN提升至193.5 mN、零距抗张强度从65.0 kN/m提升至72.8 kN/m,分别提升了19.7%、85.7%、19.8%、12.0%。老化后色差变化为1.31,且不会对纸张及字迹颜色产生负面影响,证明季铵型瓜尔胶在纸质文献的加固中具有一定的应用前景。     

Interaction between flaxseed gum and meat protein

Thermal properties, dynamic rheological properties, texture and microstructure of salt-soluble meat protein and flaxseed gum (SSMP-FG) mixtures were investigated. Two transitions, 57.0 °C (T_SSMP1) and 63.2 °C (T_SSMP2), were observed for SSMP without FG with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Addition of 2% FG to SSMP increased T_SSMP1 and T_SSMP2 by 1.9 °C and 5.9 °C, respectively. Two transitions, 53 °C (T_SSMP1′) and 75 °C (T_SSMP2′), were also observed for SSMP without FG with dynamic rheological measurement. Addition of 2% FG to SSMP increased T_SSMP1^′ and T_SSMP2^′ by 9 °C and 14 °C. These results indicated that addition of FG increased thermal stability of SSMP. Addition of FG also increased the storage modulus G′, gel strength, decreased syneresis, and changed the microstructure of SSMP gels with texture analyser and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively, suggesting that an interaction between FG and SSMP may have occurred. The results of addition of destabilizer to SSMP gels indicated that electrostatic forces seemed to be the main force involved in the formation and stability of protein–polysaccharide gel.