Jungian family sandplay with bereaved children: Implications for play therapists.

Jungian family sandplay (JFS) with bereaved clients, especially young children, may assist family members in communicating their intrapersonal world of grief through symbolic methods. Specifically, play therapists using JFS provide the opportunity for children to share feelings with caretakers that may be developmentally difficult to verbalize. With JFS, children use nonthreatening images to portray feelings and struggles associated with the death of a loved one. The focus of this article is the importance of including caretakers and family members in bereaved children’s sandplay. In addition, we include a clinical vignette to illuminate the potential benefits of incorporating JFS with bereaved children. We conclude with implications for play therapists. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reticent behavior and experiences in peer interactions in Chinese and Canadian children.

In this study, the authors examined relations between reticent behavior in unfamiliar peer situations and experiences in interactions in Chinese and Canadian children. Observational data were collected from samples of children at 4 years of age in the People's Republic of China and Canada. The results indicated that relations between reticent behavior and peer initiations were similar in the 2 samples. The differences between the samples were mainly in peer responses. Reticent behavior was associated with peer rejection such as overt refusal and disagreement in the Canadian sample but with positive responses such as approval in the Chinese sample, particularly when children made low-power initiations. The results suggest that reticent children in China and Canada may have similar as well as different experiences in social interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

婴幼儿配方食品和乳粉中维生素B2的测定

采用高效液相-二极管阵列检测器检测婴幼儿配方食品和乳粉中核黄素(维生素B2),样品在稀盐酸环境中高温水解、酶解,经C18反相色谱柱分离,流动相为乙酸钠(pH=4.5)-甲醇(体积比为65∶35),检测波长为450nm。本方法中维生素B2线性范围为0~26.5μg/mL,检出限为0.02μg/mL。维生素B2平均加标回收率为94.0%,维生素B2相对标准偏差为0.44%,合成标准不确定度为4.917×10-3。该方法简单、快速、测定干扰小,结果与国家标准测定方法比较无显著性差异。     

Stress exposure and stress generation in child and adolescent depression: A latent trait-state-error approach to longitudinal analyses.

In 2 longitudinal studies of negative life events and depressive symptoms in adolescents (N = 708) and in children (N = 508), latent trait-state-error structural equation models tested both the stress generation hypothesis and the stress exposure hypothesis. Results strongly suggested that self-reports of depressive symptoms reflect the influence of a perfectly stable trait factor as well as a less stable state factor. Support emerged for both the stress generation model and the stress exposure model. When the state depression factor was modeled as predicting stress, support for the stress generation model appeared to increase with age. When the trait depression factor was modeled as the predictor of stress, support for the stress generation model did not vary with the child's age. In both models, support for the stress exposure remained relatively constant across age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Parent psychopathology, parenting, and child internalizing problems in substance-abusing families.

A structural model accounting for child internalizing problems in substance-abusing families was tested. Parents receiving substance abuse treatment (N = 242) completed forms about children between the ages of 6 and 18 who resided in their home. The effects of parent gender, child gender, and child age were controlled. Negative parenting was examined as a mediator between parent internalizing and externalizing problems and child anxiety and affective problems using path analysis. Negative parenting mediated relations only between parent internalizing problems and child affective problems. High-positive involvement moderated relations between parent externalizing problems and child internalizing problems. Relations between parent externalizing problems and child anxiety and affective problems were significant only among families in which high-positive involvement was present. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Children's use of frequency information for trait categorization and behavioral prediction.

Two experiments examined young children's use of behavioral frequency information to make behavioral predictions and global personality attributions. In Experiment 1, participants heard about an actor who behaved positively or negatively toward 1 or several recipients. Generally, children did not differentiate their judgments of the actor on the basis of the amount of information provided. In Experiment 2, the actor behaved positively or negatively toward a single recipient once or repeatedly. Participants were more likely to make appropriate predictions and attributions after exposure to multiple target behaviors and with increasing age. Overall, children's performance was influenced by age-related positivity and negativity biases. These findings indicate that frequency information is important for personality judgments but that its use is affected by contextual complexity and information-processing biases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Rorschach with Children.

Reviews the book, Rorschach with Children by Jessie Francis-Williams (1968). Those who have worked with Lady Francis-Williams know her to be an extremely skillful clinician who, in practice, very carefully uses a battery of tests, selected for the particular case, and who weighs the evidence judiciously before making evaluative statements. Therefore, it is with regret that one finds that the present book does not measure up to the standards set by the author in her daily work. More specifically, as is so often the case, nowadays, the chapters bear little relation one to another. It seems, also, that the book reveals contradictory aims. In all, the book is a compilation of mainly useful and interesting case studies (organic, psychotic, deprivation and learning disability syndromes) rounded out by a very good chapter on the use of a test battery in a longitudinal study (Ch. 10) and some very sketchy theoretical and methodological chapters. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ARE HOPI CHILDREN NON-COMPETITIVE?

"In a study of Hopi children, a considerable proportion of the Ss apparently exhibited competitive behavior. In terms of scores for competition many Hopi Ss exceeded the mean scores of white groups." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

善用电子媒介促进儿童学习

电子媒介对儿童学习的影响有积极的方面也有消极的方面,成人要善用电子媒介,控制其消极影响,促进其积极作用的发挥。具体策略包括四个方面:树立正确的电子媒介使用观,引导儿童恰当地使用电子媒介,利用电子媒介培养儿童的阅读兴趣,同时还要做好与电子媒介节目制作单位的沟通。     

Biased processing of emotional information in girls at risk for depression.

Researchers have documented that children of depressed mothers are at elevated risk for developing a depressive disorder themselves. There is currently little understanding, however, of what factors place these children at elevated risk. In the present study, the authors investigated whether never-disordered daughters whose mothers have experienced recurrent episodes of depression during their daughters' lifetime are characterized by biased processing of emotional information. Following a negative mood induction, participants completed an emotional-faces dot-probe task. Daughters at elevated risk for depression, but not control daughters of never-disordered mothers, selectively attended to negative facial expressions. In contrast, only control daughters selectively attended to positive facial expressions. These results provide support for cognitive vulnerability models of depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)