Aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxins in ground red chilli pepper after drying

In this study, 180 red chilli pepper (RCP) berry samples were obtained from two different croplands of Gaziantep and Kahramanmara? (Turkey) in August, September and October. RCP berry samples were dried under sunlight and grinded. Ground red chilli pepper (GRCP) samples were analysed for aflatoxins (AFs, sum of B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂) and AFB₁ contamination. According to the results, in 49 of 180 samples, AFB₁ and in 37 samples, AFs were higher than legal limits. The lowest amounts of AFs and AFB₁ were obtained in August and the highest amounts in October. χ² analysis showed that there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between cities among 3 months according to number of samples with AFs and AFB₁ above legal limits. According to the Duncan multiple-range test, there was no significant difference between all months. Strict measures are necessary to produce high-quality GRCP. RCP berry must be treated to reduce moulds before production of GRCP.     

固体辣椒红色素稳定性研究

本文研究了固体辣椒红色素在贮存过程中的光稳定性、热稳定性、耐氧化还原性等。结果表明，固体辣椒红色素宜于低温、避光、充氮下保存。     

辣椒制品中苏丹色素的薄层色谱检测方法的研究

本文探索了对辣椒制品进行样品预处理，从中提取添加的苏丹色素，并对其进行薄层色谱法分离鉴定的方法。用石油醚从辣椒粉末中萃取出色素，然后在硅胶薄层色谱板上点样，并在展开剂（石油醚：无水乙醚：甲酸=80：20：1，V／V／V）中展开，进而达到定性检测苏丹I的目的。通过活性白土对辣椒油中苏丹I～IV的吸附及无水乙醇对吸附色素的解吸，分离出苏丹色素，进而在硅胶薄层色谱板上点样，在展开剂（石油醚：无水乙醚：甲酸=80：20：1，V／V／V）中展开，达到定性检测辣椒油中苏丹I～IV的目的。     

Aflatoxins: Occurrence in red chilli and control by gamma irradiation

Chilli is one of the valuable spices commercialised globally, added as condiments in various cuisines and is easily susceptible to aflatoxin contamination (produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus) during pre- and post-harvesting stages. The important factors such as temperature, moisture content and humidity affect the growth of fungi producing aflatoxins. Chillies contaminated with aflatoxins could be carcinogenic and thus can pose a threat to the general population leading to the loss of international trade market. Therefore, to overcome this problem, there is a need for some effective and novel technologies such as gamma irradiation. Gamma irradiation minimises the toxicological effects of aflatoxins by inhibiting the growth as well as the proliferation of Aspergillus species. In this work, the natural occurrence of aflatoxins including the contribution of gamma irradiation on either eliminating or controlling the aflatoxins in red chilli is reviewed.     

自动电位滴定法测定辣椒制品中二氧化硫残留量检测条件优化

本文利用自动蒸馏仪对辣椒制品进行蒸馏处理,并用自动电位滴定仪进行二氧化硫残留量测定.通过正交试验L16(45),对检测条件进行了优化,得出最佳检测条件为蒸馏时间5 min,蒸馏水体积200 mL,接收液体积40 mL,搅拌速率8 r/min,电位变化率50 mV/min.在此条件下,辣椒制品中二氧化硫残留量的检测结果相...     

Design and performance evaluation of a Double-pass solar drier for drying of red chilli (Capsicum annum L.)

Performances of a new designed Double-pass solar drier (DPSD) were compared with those of a typical cabinet drier(CD) and a traditional open-air sun drying for drying of red chilli in central Vietnam. The drying times (including nights) to reach the desired moisture content of 10% (on a wet basis) were 32 and 73 h respectively. During open-air sun drying the desired moisture content of 10% (on a wet basis) could not be reached even after 93 h of drying (including nights). The overall drying efficiencies of DSPD and CD to reach the desired moisture content of 10% (on a wet basis) were 24.04% and 11.52% respectively while the overall drying efficiency of open-air sun drying to reach the desired moisture content of 15% (on a wet basis) was 8.03%. Further, ASTA colour value of the solar dried products from the DSPD was higher than those from CD and open-air sun drying. Similar results were obtained for mycotoxins occurrence. Contamination by aflatoxin B1 was significantly lower in dried chilli from DPSD (<0.250 μg kg⁻¹) when compared to traditional open-air drying technique (11.980 μg kg⁻¹). The drying cost per one kilogram of chilli was 39% lower in case of DPSD (0.077 US$/kg) as compared to CD (0.126 US$/kg). The Double-pass solar drier was found to be technically suitable and economically viable for drying of red chillies in central Vietnam.     

辣椒籽中甲醇提取物的抗氧化动力学研究

通过测定过氧化值随时间的变化,分别求出猪油空白和添加了辣椒籽甲醇提取物的猪油自动氧化反应的速率常数和反应级数.结果显示,猪油空白氧化符合一级反应动力学规律,速率常数为0.011 3 h-1;而添加辣椒籽中甲醇提取物后,猪油氧化反应转变为零级反应,速率常数为0.002 1(POV)-1.h-1,二者速率常数相差约5倍,添加物存在降低了反应速率,起到了抗氧化效果.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON DRYING OF CHILLI IN A COMBINED MICROWAVE-VACUUM-ROTARY DRUM DRYER

This paper presents new data on drying chilli in a microwave-vacuum-rotary drum dryer. This novel technique is designed to combine the advantages of vacuum drying and evenly dispersed microwave energy in a rotary drum. The drying kinetic and the specific energy consumption at particular product moisture content were measured experimentally. Moreover, the effect of pressure inside the chamber and the rotational speed of the drum were also determined.     

Pro- or antioxygenic activity of tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala) and red chilli (Capsicum annum) in sunflower oil

The pro- or antioxygenic activity of tejpat and red chilli, their fractions extracted using various solvents, and of chlorophyll, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin were determined in refined sunflower oil at 37 °C. Tejpat and its fractions containing chlorophyll showed pro-oxygenic activity and the catalytic action increased with increase in concentration of chlorophyll in the fractions. On the other hand, fractions which did not contain chlorophyll, such as the aqueous extract, and chlorophyll-free spice or fractions freed of chlorophyll by column chromatography were devoid of pro-oxygenic activity. The ground red chilli and its 80:20 (v/v) ethanol/water fraction exhibited strong antioxygenic activity. On the other hand, the petroleum ether fraction showed marginal antioxygenic activity, whereas the water-soluble fraction was practically devoid of any activity in refined sunflower oil. The pungent constituents of red chilli, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin also exhibited considerable antioxygenic activity. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

辣椒籽中甲醇提取物的抗氧化性能的研究

本文以辣椒籽提取物为原料,以猪油为底物,采用碘量法分别研究了脱脂与未脱脂、不同溶剂提取物,不同添加量的抗氧化性能,并结合TBARS测定法研究了柠檬酸、Vc两种增效剂的协同作用.结果表明：脱脂的提取物的效果优于未脱脂的;甲醇的提取物抗氧化效果最好;最佳的添加浓度为0.02%;柠檬酸、Vc两种增效剂都有明显的协同作用,但由于机理不同,其协同作用表现不尽相同.