超高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定辣椒制品中苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的含量

建立简便快速的测定辣椒制品中4种苏丹红染料的检测方法,以乙腈为提取溶剂,采用乙腈-0.1%水溶液的流动相体系和正离子电离模式,用UPLC-MS/MS测定4种苏丹红染料;苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ线性范围为0～200ng/mL,R2大于0.9911,检出限分别为1.0、2.0、2.0、4.0μg/kg,加标回收率均大于75%,RSD小于10%。该方法简便灵敏,准确快速,可用于辣椒制品中4种苏丹红染料的测定及确证。     

Prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in red chilli pepper (Capsicum annum L.) from India

The aflatoxin contamination of chilli pepper grown and marketed in Tamil Nadu, a southern Indian state, was assessed. Chilli samples were collected at different stages of the value chain and were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Forty-two representative samples were collected from four districts identified as the hub for production, distribution, agro-processing industries and retail stores. In addition, interviews were conducted among the chilli farmers, vendors and agro-industrialists across the hubs to assess their knowledge on aflatoxin contamination and safe handling practices. The maximum aflatoxin content determined in the chilli pepper was 37.8 µg kg⁻¹. Almost 66.7% of samples collected from the retail outlets had aflatoxin values above 10 µg kg⁻¹. The total aflatoxin content in the samples collected across the value chain was in the range of 3.83 to 37.80 µg kg⁻¹. Statistical analysis on aflatoxin contents showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the districts representing different operations of value chain. The detected aflatoxin content was highest in samples collected from Dindigul district and least in Erode district. The results of the perception study showed that respondents into farming and trade activities had very little or no knowledge of aflatoxin contamination of chilli. The prevalence of unacceptable levels of aflatoxin in the chilli supply chain in the districts studied is probably due to tropical climatic conditions and poor handling practices of chilli.     

提取工艺对辣椒籽油品质及香气成分的影响

为选择较优辣椒籽油制备工艺,以氧化值、酸价、色泽、脂肪酸组成、挥发性物质等为指标,比较酶解-乙醇辅助法和乙醇常温浸提法2种制备工艺对辣椒籽油的品质及香气成分的影响。结果表明:酶解-乙醇辅助法和常温浸提法2种制备工艺所得辣椒籽油均呈橙黄色,酸价值≤4.0 mg/g,过氧化值≤12meq/kg;辣椒籽油中辣椒素含量分别为1.46,0.54mg/g。制备工艺对脂肪酸组成影响不显著(P0.05),对含量影响显著(P0.05);辣椒籽油饱和脂肪酸含量分别为14.89%和16.3%,多不饱和脂肪酸分别为69.8%和70.87%。可见辣椒籽油中多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,酶解-乙醇辅助法工艺能够显著降低饱和脂肪酸含量。酶解-乙醇辅助法中鉴定出挥发性物质56种,多于常温浸提法的52种和市售辣椒油的42种。可见,酶解-乙醇辅助法相对常温浸提法而言,有助于辣椒油品质的提升。     

电子束辐照对辣椒热风干燥特性及品质的影响

以电子束辐照结合热风干燥辣椒,研究不同辐照剂量的辣椒热风干燥特性及其对产品微生物和品质的影响。结果表明:辣椒经2、3、6 k Gy辐照预处理后,干燥速率显著提高,辐照剂量与干燥速率呈正相关;新鲜辣椒干燥前进行辐照处理能够更有效杀灭产品中的微生物,且所需要辐照剂量低(3~6 k Gy);辣椒中辣椒素和辣椒红色素耐辐照能力较强,但相对于高含水率的新鲜原料,其耐辐照能力相对较弱,在6 k Gy剂量时对其品质会产生显著影响(P0.05)。研究结果表明,应控制辣椒预辐照剂量,实现辣椒低剂量辐照灭菌和热风干燥效率的提高。     

水溶性辣椒红色素制备及其应用研究

对水溶性辣椒红色素的制备、稳定性及其应用进行了初步的研究，提出了较为理想的实验方案。     

DRYING CHARACTERISTICS OF RED CHILLI

Red chilli is widely consumed as a food additive throughout the world. It is blanched/treated to minimize quality loss during processing. This paper reports on various pre-treatments applied before drying and their influence on drying kinetics as well as product quality. Inactivation of peroxidase enzyme was achieved by blanching chillies at 90°C for 3 min in hot water. The physical appearance of the dried product was found to be the best when the blanched samples were soaked in gum acacia solution (0.2% m/v) for 15 min at room temperature. The pre-treated chillies were dried in a tray dryer at selected temperatures (55, 60, 65 and 70°C). Results indicated that drying took place in the falling rate period; the drying kinetics were adequately described by the Page's model. The activation energy for drying was determined to be 41.95 and 41.06 kJ/mol respectively, for blanched and gum-treated chillies. Total pigment content decreased while non-enzymatic browning increased with increase in drying air temperature.     

天然香辛味精的试制

本文提出了用天然香辛调味料生姜，花椒，辣椒，大葱等，赋于普通味精香辛风味的工艺方法，并给出了八个具体配方。     

辣椒籽提取物对菜籽油的抗氧化作用

用不同溶剂提取辣椒籽中的抗氧化物质,以菜籽油乳化体系作底物,采用碘量法研究辣椒籽提取物的抗氧化作用。结果表明,辣椒籽提取物对菜油的氧化均有明显的抑制作用。不同溶剂和不同品种的辣椒籽提取物的抗氧化作用效果不同,其中,脱脂甲醇提取物>甲醇提取物>脱脂水提取物>石油醚提取物;花溪辣椒品种>遵义辣椒品种。     

Determination of 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (Sudan I) in chilli powder and in chilli-containing food products by GPC clean-up and HPLC with LC/MS confirmation

A simple and rapid method is reported for the routine determination 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (Sudan I) in chilli powder and in chilli-containing food products. The method involved Soxtec extraction from the products followed by high-pressure gel permeation chromatographic clean-up collecting the appropriate fraction. Analysis of this fraction was by HPLC with UV/VIS detection. The limit of detection was 7 μg kg^-1 and the limit of quantification was 13 μg kg^-1. The identity of Sudan I in food products was established by electrospray LC/MS with MS/MS confirmation. From a small survey of 30 retail samples, 11 samples of crushed chilli, Italian pasta, chilli-snack and vegetable sauce contained levels of Sudan I ranging from 24 to 5591 μg kg^-1.     

Single-layer drying characteristics and colour kinetics of red chilli

Single‐layer drying experiments were conducted under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity (RH) and air velocity to find out the effects of drying conditions and blanching on the drying rate and colour of Thai red chilli. Drying rate increased with an increase of drying air temperature and a decrease of RH. Air temperatures above 65 °C affected the colour of red chilli. Red chilli should be dried at an air velocity equal to or just above 0.50 m s^?1. Above this value, the drying rate becomes independent of air velocity. RH and air velocity have no effect on the colour of red chilli. Faster drying rate and higher colour value was found for the blanched sample rather than the unblanched sample. The Newton and the Page equations were fitted to the experimental data. The Newton equation was found to describe the single‐layer drying of red chilli better than the Page equation.