固体辣椒红色素的稳定性研究

将液体辣椒红色素制作成固体,并就其稳定性进行研究。结果表明,相同条件下,固体辣椒红色素的光稳定性,热稳定性和抗氧化性能均优于液体辣椒红色素。     

微波辅助法提取辣椒红色素的探讨

文章对辣椒红色素的提取进行了较为详尽的研究。结果表明,适宜选用乙醇作为提取剂,提取液的最大吸收波长为471 nm;佳工艺条件是提取温度为55℃;提取时间2.5 h;物料比(g/ml)为1∶6.5。对微波辅助提取辣椒红色素的工艺进行了研究,最佳工艺条件:即微波功率为大火(600 W),微波作用12 min。该工艺具有溶剂用量少,提取周期较短,提取率较高等特点。且验证实验表明,该工艺条件操作稳定,有较好的重复性。     

Mechanical Means of Enhancing Drying Rates: Effect on Drying Kinetics and Quality

ABSTRACT

The effect of various pretreatments on drying kinetics as well as quality parameters of selected vegetables and fruits was studied experimentally in a convective dryer. The pretreatments tested include application of pinholes and drilled holes of different diameters and densities, blanching and freezing. Potato, cassava, dragon fruit and red chilli were used as the sample drying materials. As expected, increase of the diameter and density of the holes under fixed drying conditions increased the drying rate. Samples with drilled holes showed better drying performance than those with pinholes. The improvement of the drying rate was found to be dependent on the physical properties and the initial moisture content of the material. Results show that the drying performance of the products that possess a skin of low moisture diffusivity, such as chilli, can be improved significantly by blanching and making perforations in the skin. Overall changes of color and volume shrinkage during drying of the samples with and without holes were similar. The effect of different modes of heat input, such as convection, conduction and radiation, on the drying performance of the treated samples was also experimentally investigated. On-off type controllers were used to regulate the power of the heaters and maintain the product temperature within a range of pre-set values. Convection combined with radiation displayed the highest drying rate.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON DRYING OF CHILLI IN A COMBINED MICROWAVE-VACUUM-ROTARY DRUM DRYER

ABSTRACT

This paper presents new data on drying chilli in a microwave-vacuum-rotary drum dryer. This novel technique is designed to combine the advantages of vacuum drying and evenly dispersed microwave energy in a rotary drum. The drying kinetic and the specific energy consumption at particular product moisture content were measured experimentally. Moreover, the effect of pressure inside the chamber and the rotational speed of the drum were also determined.     

Antioxidant activities and composition of extracts from chilli

The extract yields obtained by three methods in different solvents from chilli were compared. The antioxidant activities of chilli extracts vs. butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was determined through the peroxide value (POV), the beta‐carotene bleaching assay and the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. The results showed that the extract yields by three extract methods, namely, Soxhlet, ultrasonic wave and saturation, were 16.32%, 15.78% and 11.62%, respectively, when 85% ethanol acted as solvent. The extracting efficiency of solvent from high to low was 95% ethanol > ethyl acetate > anhydrous ethanol > distilled water. The total phenol content of chilli extracts from ultrasonic wave with 85% ethanol as solvent was 73.91 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram extracts and the value of inhibitory capacity IC₅₀ on free radical (DPPH) was 38.99 mg mL^?1. The POV of chilli extracts was close to that of BHT. The ultrasonic wave was more helpful for the extraction of antioxidant substance from chilli than other methods. In addition, the composition of chilli extracts was analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrum (GC‐MS).     

浅析辣椒对北京传统家常菜的影响因素

辣椒既是一种蔬菜,也是一种调料。20多年以前,辣椒多食用于四川、湖北、湖南各省。近10年,随着社会发展和人员大流动,辣椒也越来越多地食用于北方诸多省份,北京便是其中之一。北京传统家常菜的口味特点是咸鲜,目前,由于在许多菜中使用了辣椒,既丰富了北京传统家常菜的口味,也为其增添了活力。这是由诸多因素造成的。本文通过分析这些因素,可以对北京传统家常菜有一个新的认识。     

辣椒及辣椒食品中可溶性多糖抗氧化活性研究

研究辣椒及辣椒食品中的可溶性多糖及其抗氧化活性,用硫酸-苯酚法测定了辣椒及辣椒食品中可溶性多糖含量,并测定了多糖提取物对羟基自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)、二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH.)的清除能力。结果表明,干辣椒可溶性多糖含量较高,为2.06g/100g,制成辣椒食品后,可溶性多糖含量有所损失;辣椒及辣椒食品的可溶性多糖提取物对.OH,O2-.和DPPH.均有一定的清除能力,而且各个样品的可溶性多糖含量与自由基清除能力间呈正相关关系。     

辣椒制品中明矾快速测定方法研究

建立了辣椒制品中非法添加物明矾的酸提取比色测定法。样品经酸提取后,以铬天青S为显色剂,通过分光光度法测定可溶性铝。结果表明,该测定结果与电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定结果一致。样品加标平均回收率在97.1%～98.9%之间,变异系数在1.5%～2.1%之间,方法检出限为0.02g/kg。酸提取比色测定法简便、具有较好的灵敏度和准确度,容易开发粉枕试剂,形成商品化快速检测仪,可用于抽样现场的快速测定。     

乳酸菌发酵生产青椒酱的工艺研究

本文以青椒和红椒为原料,研究了乳酸菌发酵过程中总酸、pH、可溶性固形物、Vc、总糖、还原糖、蛋白质和氨基酸等成分的变化.结果表明乳酸菌发酵生产青椒酱的工艺可行,其发酵过程中的总糖、还原糖、蛋白质和氨基酸的变化与红辣椒发酵的变化趋势基本一致,具有红椒发酵的发酵特性;因青椒中的糖含量较低,在原料中添加一定量的糖或含糖量高的果蔬利于生产优质青椒酱;另青椒中的叶绿素易分解,控制发酵初期叶绿素的损失是解决青椒制品护色的最关键一步.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取技术在辣椒红色素精制工艺中的应用

通过采用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术对溶剂萃取法制作的辣椒红色素进行脱残脱辣脱味精制,辣椒红色素的质量指标有了明显提高,满足了国外用户的需要,取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。